pH
A scale used to specify how acidic or basic a water-based solution is
What is pH?
The highest temperature at which growth can occur
What is maximum growth temperature?
Produces ethanol and CO2; ethanol lost through evaporation
What is alcoholic fermentation?
acetyl-CoA, NADH, and CO2
What is pyruvate oxidation?
rearrangement of atoms
What is Isomerase?
Grows in acidic environments
What is an Acidophile?
Preferred temperature is above 80C
What is a hyperthermophile?
produces lactic acid and other compounds
What is Heterolactic fermentation?
Lactic acid (yogurt), Ethanol + CO2 (yeast), Propionic acid + CO2 (Propionibacterium), Acetone + Isopropyl alcohol (Clostridium), and ethanol + lactic acid/ acetic acid/ succinic acid (E. coli)
What are products of fermentation?
removal of atoms without hydrolysis
What is lyase?
pH of 5.3 to 5.9
What is a viruses preferred pH for growth?
Preferred temperature is 50C to 80C
What is a thermophile?
produces lactic acid only
What is Homolactic fermentation?
4 total ATP molecules, 2 pyruvic acid molecules, and 2 NADH
What are products of glycolysis?
Hydrolysis
What is hydrolase?
pH of 5.5-6.5
What is the preferred growth pH for fungi, mold, and yeast?
Preferred temperature is 20C to 50C
What is a mesophile?
produces lactic acid
What is Lactic acid fermentation?/
NADH and FADH2
What are products of oxidized acetyl CoA?
transfer functional groups
What is Transferase?
pH from 6.5-7.5
What is a bacteria's prefered growth pH?
Preferred temperature is -5C to 20C
What is a psychrophile?
Under low oxygen conditions, pyruvic acid can be converted to lactic acid, while under adequate oxygen conditions, lactic acid can be converted to pyruvate
What is fermentation and oxygen?
2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
oxidation-reduction reactions
What is oxidoreductase?