Name that bacterium
Gram + rod-shaped
spore forming
-has capsule
-nonmotile
-produces 3 toxins that form edema toxin
-vaccination of animals and endemic people controls spread
-Bioterrorism
nonhemolytic
Bacillus anthracis
Reservoir: Wild rodents, city rats, squirrels
Transmission: Flea bite, inhaled aerosolized
Facultative anaerobe, pesticin and intracellular murine toxin
Yersinia pestis
Respiratory and cutaneous form
pseudo membrane
sore throat, pharyngitis, low grade fever
ELEK test
protein synthesis inhibited
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
UTI, peritonitis, Bacteremia, Endocarditis
Grows on nonselective mediums
colonizes gastrointestinal tract
Drug resistant
Enterococcus
Pharyngitis: reddened pharynx with exudates generally present; cervical lymphadenopathy can be prominent
Scarlet fever: diffuse erythematous rash beginning on the chest and spreading to the extremities
Pyoderma: localized skin infection with vesicles progressing to pustules; no evidence of systemic disease
Erysipelas: localized skin infection with pain, inflammation, lymph node enlargement, and systemic symptoms
Cellulitis: infection of the skin that involves the subcutaneous tissues
Necrotizing fasciitis: deep infection of skin that involves destruction of muscle and fat layers
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
Gram +, rods
vaccine preventable
acid-fast
Lipid-rich cell wall
diphtheria toxin
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Reservoir: Wild and domestic animals
Transmission: unpasteurized milk
Facultative anaerobe
Virulence factors: V&W proteins and invasive (Temp sensitive)
Enterotoxin increases cGMP levels
Yersinia enterocolitica
Microscopy is sensitive for lepromatous form
Skin testing for confirmed leprosy
Paucibacillary
Mycobacterium leprae
Early onset neonatal disease
Late onset neonatal disease
Infection in pregnant females
CamP test (synergistic hemolysis)
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
suppurative and nonsuppurative diseases
bacterial pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pyoderma, erysipelas, cellulites, necrotizing fasciitis, lymphangitis, and pneumonia.
Nonsuppurative diseases
Rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis.
staphylococcus coag -
S. pyogenes
Gram + rod
spore-forming
motile
heat stable enterotoxins
-Get from consuming contaminated food
Bacillus Cereus
House mice
Transmission through mites
Rickettsia akari
Meningitis, meningococcemia, Pneumonia
Gram stain of CSF is sensitive
Humans are natural hosts
Neisseria meningitidis
Humans only transmits sexually
motile
SYPHILIS 3 stages
Treponema pallidum
Ulceroglandular tularemia — most common
Painful skin ulcer at the inoculation site
Regional lymphadenopathy, which may become suppurative
Fever, chills, headache, malaise, and myalgias
Glandular tularemia
Regional lymphadenopathy without an obvious skin ulcer
Fever and systemic symptoms
Oculoglandular tularemia
Infection through the eye
Conjunctivitis, eye pain/redness, sometimes a corneal lesion
Preauricular/cervical lymphadenopathy
Fever
Oropharyngeal tularemia
Usually from ingestion of contaminated food or water
Severe sore throat, tonsillitis/pharyngitis
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Fever; occasionally oral ulcersPneumonic tularemia
Can result from inhalation or secondary spread
Cough, chest pain, dyspnea
Fever and systemic toxicity
Pneumonia on imaging
Francisella tularensis
Gram +, coccobacilli
B-hemolytic
meningitis
grow at cold temperatures (4*C)
can grow in the presence of salt
Listeria monocytogenes
Goats
Transmission: Direct contact with live-stock
Ingestion of infected milk
Aerosolization (bioterrorism)
Obligate aerobe
Capsule
Brucella
Chancroid: painful genital ulcer
Gram stain and culture of ulcer exudate pus from lymph node
STD as reservoir
Needs X factor (hematin)
Haemophilus ducreyi
Lyme disease 3 stages
elevated Abs
Western immunoblotting
Borrelia burgdorferi
A 26-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 48-hour history of colicky lower abdominal pain associated with about 20 watery stools per day, which contained mucus and blood. She was afebrile and had diffuse abdominal tenderness. No pathogens were isolated on routine stool culture, but specimens were also inoculated.
Examination of the plates after 42 hours revealed the presence of flat, nonhemolytic, mucoid colonies
Campylobacter jejuni
Colonizes small intestines
Infant diarrhea
Plasmid-mediated A/E histopathology
EPEC E.coli (enteropathogenic)
Reservoir: Cattle, sheep & goats
airborne trransmission
has endospore form
Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
transmitted respiratory route
toxin that activates G proteins to increase cAMP levels
Whooping cough
Virulence: capsule, B-lactamase
Bordetella pertussis
Tracheobronchitis
walking
chest x-ray shows patchy infiltrates
in sputum, urine, urethral swab
Mycoplasma pneumoniae/genitalium
Patient: 22-year-old sexually active woman
“Burning when I urinate and unusual vaginal discharge for 1 week.” History:
Dysuria for 7 days, Increased vaginal discharge, Mild lower abdominal discomfort
-No fever or vomiting
-New sexual partner in the past 2 months
-No known previous sexually transmitted infection
-Physical examination:
-Mild lower abdominal tenderness
-Mucopurulent discharge from the cervix
-Cervical motion tenderness may be present if the infection has progressed toward pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-No significant fever
Chlamydia trachomatis