Disease fun!
What is pathology vs etiology?
pathology: study of disease
etiology: study of the cause of the disease
what is the innate immunity?
the body's inborn, nonspecific defenses against any pathogen
what is adaptive immunity
the body's acquired resistance to a specific pathogen
List the 3 pathways that activate the complement system
**for an extra 100 pts., name the protein where they all converge
Alternative pathway, classical pathway, lectin-binding pathway
**C3
where is MHC-I found?
everyone's cells (NOT ON FOREIGN CELLS!)
List the stages of a disease.
**For an extra 100 pts., draw a graph to represent them
1. incubation period
2. prodomal period
3. period of illness
4. period of decline
5. period of concelescence
List 6 physical and chemical factors of the first line of defense
Physical: intact skin, mucous memb., ciliary escalator, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, urine flow & vaginal secretions
Chemical: sebum (oil), lysozyme molecule, stomach acid & vaginal secretions
antigen definition
foreign substance that elicts an immune response causing the body to produce specific antibodies
list the 3 types of interferons (antimicrobial proteins)
iFN-delta, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma
natural killer cells function
destroy cells infected (lacking MHC-I)
What are commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism?
commensalism: 1 benefits & the other is unaffected
mutualism: both benefit
parasitism: 1 benefits at the expense of the other
neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils
list the immunoglobulins. Which one has a structure of a dimer?
IgG, IgM, IgA (dimer!!), IgD, IgE
clonal deletion
process used to eliminate B cells that bind self-antigens to prevent an autoimmune response
which cells have antibodies on them?
B cells
List 4 predisposing factors of disease
anatomical/physical trait, inherited trait (e.g. sickle cell gene), climate/weather, age, lifestyle habits (smoking, drug abuse, overweight), immunocompromising chemotherapy
What do TLR and PAMP stand for?
**for an extra 100 points, list what they are found on
TLR: toll-like receptor (on phagocytes)
PAMP: pathogen-associated molecular patterns (on pathogens)
What are CD4+ T cells? What are CD8+ T cells? What do they do?
CD4+: T helper cells; activated when an antigen presenting cell (APC) presents an antigen on the MHC-II molecule
CD8+: cytotoxic T cells (CTLs); targe and destroy cells that have been altered by parasitic infection
Which immunoglobulin class protects the fetus and newborn?
IgG
what activates CD4+?
antigens on MHC of other cells
List the 3 severities/durations of a disease and what happens
Acute: sx develop rapidly & disappear within days/weeks
chronic: disease develops slowly & remains for months-years
latent: disease w/ sx appears only after a while of inactivity of the causative agent (cold sores, shingles, etc.)
Inflammatory response
1. chemicals released from damaged cells
2. blood clot forms
3. abscess starts to form
4. margination
5. diapedesis
6. phagocytosis
7. tissue repair
Types of acquired active and acquired passive immunity, and how you obtain them
active natural: exposure to an infectious agent
active artificial: immunization
passive natural: breast milk
passive artificial: antibodies from other sources (immunoglobulin transfusion)
List all the granulocytes
**for an extra 100 pts., list the ones that do phagocytosis
neutrophils (phagocytosis), basophils, eosinophils (phagocytosis)
Which cells do CD4+ cells activate?
CD8 (cytotoxic T cells) and B cells