DNA Structure
The three parts of a nucleotide
What is 1. Nitrogenous base, 2. 2-deoxyribose sugar 3. Phosphate
The role of of Topoisomerases
What is an enzyme that changes DNA supercoiling to maintain proper DNA supercoiling level (this changes the topology of DNA)
The description of DnaA
What is a initiator protein that binds are the ori C and opens up the double helix
The how is the template strand of DNA read and synthesized in RNA synthesis
What is it is read in the 3' to 5' direction but synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction
The description of the codon
What is 3 base pairs long that specifies an amino acid & the anticodon on tRNA is complementary
The ways RNA's structure differs from DNA
What is usually single stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uracil replaces thymine.
The description of Type I topoisomerases
What is it cleaves one strand of DNA and relieve or unwind supercoils (usually single proteins)
The description of DnaC
The way the complementary DNA strand compares to mRNA
What is it has the same nucleotide sequence as mRNA (except in DNA bases)
The description of stop (nonsense codons)
What is three codons used as translation termination signals UGA, UAG & UAA
The descriptions of the two types of supercoils & which type are most DNA in nature
What positive supercoils are when DNA is overwound and negative supercoils are when DNA is underwound
The description of Type II Topoisomerases
What is it cleaves both strands of DNA and use ATP to introduce negative supercoils (have multiple subunits)
The description of DNA Polymerase III
What is primary replication enzyme
The recognition/binding site for RNA polymerase & location at the start of the gene
What is the Promoter
The description of the start codon
What is the start site for translation and is always AUG
The description of the central dogma
What is DNA --(replication)--> DNA ---(transcription)--> RNA --(translation)--> Protein
The description of DNA gyrase and what type of topoisomerases
What is it has multiple subunits GyrA and B that introduces negative supercoils and are targeted by quinolone antibiotics
The description DNA Polymerase I
What is it replaces RNA primers with DNA
The role of the tus protein
What is it binds to ter (terminator sequences) and acts as a counter helicase
The description of code degeneracy
What is up to six different codons that can code for a single amino acid
The names of the nucleotides that are classified as Purines and Pyrimidines
What is Purine = Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) & Pyrimidine = Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T)
What is it joins Okazaki fragments
The description of Wobble
What is lose base pairing in which the 3rd position of a codon is less important than the 1st and 2nd which eliminates the need for unique tRNA for each codon.
Bonus = This decrease the effect of some mutations