Chapter 10
What term is defined as the science of classifying organisms?
Taxonomy
What type of chains are a B-cell receptor (BCR) and antibodies composed of?
Heavy chains and light chains
In the classification of bacteria, what is the largest taxonomic group?
Proteobacteria
What class of Proteobacteria includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Alphaproteobacteria
Which photosynthetic bacteria do not produce oxygen?
Purple and green
Which category in the taxonomic hierarchy immediately follows Class (moving down the chain)?
Order
What are the three steps of PCR?
Denaturation, Annealing, and Extension
Gram-positive bacteria are divided into two main phyla based on their DNA content. THe phylum Firmicutes is characterized by having a:
Low G + C content
What class includes Pseudomonas and Vibrio species?
Gammaproteobacteria
Which high G+C gram-positive group includes Mycobacterium?
Actinobacteria
What specific component is contained in the cell wall of Bacteria but is lacking in Archaea?
Peptidoglycan
In Sanger Sequencing, the inclusion of which special nucleotide causes chain elongation to stop during DNA synthesis?
ddNTPs (dideoxynucleotide triphosphates)
Streptococcus pyogenes, the principal pathogen of the streptococci, is identified on blood agar by producing a clear zone of hemolysis. This characteristic places it into which specific hemolytic group.
Beta-hemolytic (Group A)
What deltaproteobacteria prey on other bacteria?
Bdellovibrio
Which Archaea live in very salty environments?
Halophiles
What type of information for bacteria and archaea does Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology primarily focus on?
Phylogenetic information (based on rRNA sequencing)
Which two classes of immunoglobins (Ig) are typically found on the surface of a Naive B cell receptor before activation?
IgM and IgD
The aerobic, filamentous bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, common inhabitants of soil, are the most valuable to humans commercially because they are the primary source of what beneficial compounds?
Antibiotics
Which epsilonproteobacterium causes gastric ulcers?
Helicobacter
Which Archaea produce methane gas?
Methanogens
In the scientific binomial Klebsiella pneumoniae, the genus name Klebsiella honors which individual?
Edwin Klebs
Which type of assay uses an enzyme-linked antibody and a substrate that is converted into a colored product, where the rate of color formation is proportional to the amount of specific antigen or antibody present?
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
What fundamental cell structure do mycoplasmas lack?
Cell wall
Which photoautotroph produces oxygen?
Cyanobacteria
Which unique morphology or structure is responsible for the corkscrew-like motility characteristic of spirochetes, such as Treponema pallidum?
Axial filaments (endoflagella)