Biochemistry
Metabolism
Genetics
Microbial Control
Infection
Defenses
100
Atoms prefer to have ____ electrons in the valence shell.
What is Eight.
Definition of the Octet Rule.
100
The term used to describe all of the chemical reactions inside a cell is __________.
What is metabolism.
100
DNA is the acronym for this.
What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
100
After touching the surface of a surgical table with pathogens present the subjects hand is covered in this.
What is transient microbes.
100
A patient describes how they are feeling to you in a very subjective format.
"My headache is horrible and I can't get the ringing out of my ears."
What is a Symptom.
A sign is considered to be an objective measure of their symptoms such as a fever, or any other change in their vital signs.
100
Granulocytes are this type of cell.
What is Leukocytes.
200
Molecules with the same atomic makeup but different structural arrangement of atoms are called this.
What is Isomers.
Slight changes in the structural arrangements of the atoms can lead to very different properties.
200
When small molecules are assembled into larger ones, using energy.
What is an Anabolic reaction or Anabolism.
Catabolism: Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releasing energy.
200
The nucleotide that is present in RNA that is not present in DNA.
What is Uracil.
RNA does not have Thymine.
200
A process that destroys all viable microbes, including viruses and endospores.
What is Sterilization.
200
After being on antibiotics for a while a provider recommends taking these to introduce microbes back into the body.
What is Probiotics.
200
When someone is deliberately exposed to material that is antigenic but not pathogenic.
What is Vaccination.
300
The byproduct of H2O and OH occurs during this type of synthesis reaction.
What is a Dehydration Synthesis reaction.
300
Organisms that obtain their for electron transfer through breaking chemical bonds.
What is Chemotrophs.
Those that get their energy for electron transfer from light are phototrophs.
300
The nitrogenous bases present in DNA.
Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Adenine
300
Betadine is an example of this that can be applied directly to exposed body surfaces prior to surgery.
What is an Antiseptic.
Disinfection - a process to destroy vegetative pathogens, not endospores; done to inanimate objects
300
An infectious agent.
What is a Pathogen.
300
A mother passing antibodies through her breastmilk to her child is an example of this.
What is natural form of Passive Immunity.
400
The macromolecule known for energy storage, receptors, food, structural role in plants, fungal cell walls, and exoskeletons of insects.
What is Carbohydrates.
Other Macromolecules:
Lipids, Nucleic acids, Proteins
400
The energy used after its release through catabolism.
What is ATP - adenosine triphosphate.
400
The expression of the genotype creates this observable trait.
What is phenotype.
All types of genes constitute the genetic makeup - genotype.
400
An example of the highest resistant microbes.
What is Prions, or bacterial endospores.
•Moderate resistance
–Pseudomonas sp.
–Mycobacterium tuberculosis
–Staphylococcus aureus
–Protozoan cysts
•Least resistance
–Most bacterial vegetative cells
–Fungal spores and hyphae, yeast
–Enveloped viruses
Protozoan trophozoites
400
Portal of entry > Adhesion > Invasion > _______ > Infection of Target > Disease > Portal of exit
What is Multiplication
400
White Blood Cells
What is Leukocytes.
500
This is demonstrated in the image below. 
What is a Phospholipid.
500
The proteins used as a catalyst for biochemical reactions within the cell.
What is Enzymes.
The chemical reactants to which an enzyme binds are called substrates, and the location within the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the enzyme's active site.
500
What is an RNA Nucleotide.
DNA Nucleotide 
500
When categorizing clinical cleanliness a stethoscope is an example of this.
What is a noncritical item.
•Critical Items – must be sterile because they will be used inside the body, and penetrating sterile tissues
•Semi-critical Items – they may contact mucous membranes or nonintact skin but do not penetrate tissues
500
When the host's defenses are compromised these bacteria or microbes can cause infection.
What is an Opportunistic Pathogen.
500
Antigens produce a response in this system of the human body.
What is the Immune system.
600
_______ is the fundamental element of life.
What is Carbon.
600
The end point of glucose catabolism is.
What is Electron Transport Chain.
Glycolysis > Acetyl CoA > Pyruvate > Krebs Cycle
..... > Electron Transport Chain
600
The enzyme that unzips the DNA.
What is Helicase.
600
Machinery required to denature proteins, and destroy membranes including DNA through moist heat.
What is an Autoclave.
600
The acronym that is used for pathogens that infect during pregnancy.
What is STORCH.
Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Other diseases (hepatitis B, AIDS and chlamydia), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus
600
This type of cell matures in the thymus gland and has three specializations including: helper, cytotoxic, and memory.
What is T-cells.
700
List the 4 biological macromolecules.
What is Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
700
The number of ATP produced through aerobic cellular respiration.
What is 38 ATP.
700
Give the mRNA codons for the following sequence.
TAC CAG ATA
What is AUG GUC UAU.
mRNA transcripts include the following code:
Adenine - Uracil; Thymine - Adenine; Guanine - Cytosine
700
Lysol is an example of the germicidal category.
What is Phenolics.
Phenolics - Disrupt cell walls and membranes and precipitate proteins
700
The general effects of this bacterial toxin results in fever, malaise, aches, and shock.
What is Endototoxins.
700
Cytokines (chemical mediators) are needed in the proliferation of this cell.
What is B-cells.
