Welcome to Micro, Enjoy your stay.
(Unit 1)
(Unit 1)
Give examples as to why microbes are beneficial to humans/the world.
They:
- are used in producing foods such as cheese and bread
- they are used in industries such as mining and biotechnology.
- they train the immune system and form mutualistic relationships with humans and other animals
- Many more
What are the four major macromolecules found in ALL cells?
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
This kind of bond forms the backbone of both DNA and RNA
What are phosphodiester bonds?
These are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
What are:
- Rubor/erythema/redness
- Calor/heat
- Pain
- Swelling (tumor)
- Altered function
This bacterial pathogen affects the nervous system, leading to headache, arching of back and muscle stiffness.
What is Clostridium tetani?
What is a pathogen?
Any infectious agent of disease.
How many ATPs are made as a result of oxidative level phosphorylation?
36-38 ATPs
These contain genetic information that isn't necessary for life, but may contain beneficial information, like drug resistance.
What are plasmids?
While typing your patient for a blood transfusion, you determine that their RBCs have no antigens on their surface, and their serum contains Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies. You also note a lack of Anti-Rh antibodies in their serum. What is your patient's blood type?
O+
DAILY DOUBLE: What blood types can safely donate to your patient?
This bacterium is responsible for the raging sore throats I used to get in grade school. It can also cause impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever and necrotizing fasciitis.
What is Streptococcus pyogenes?
What might happen to a cell lacking a wall if it is placed into a hypertonic solution?
Water will exit the cell, which could cause cell death via crenation.
DAILY DOUBLEEEEE: What if a cell does have a wall, and it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
While out studying snow samples from Antarctica, you discover a new bacterium! I hope you name it after your beloved SI Leader! What term would you use to describe its cardinal temperature?
Psychrophile!
DAILY DOUBLEEEE: Upon further research, you realize that this new microbe isn't a bacterium at all! It's actually an archaea! Why might this be the case?
If B. cereus has 18% Adenine in its DNA, what percent is composed of uracil?
There is no uracil in DNA ;)
DAILY DOUBLE: Now that I've tried to trick you, let's determine what percentage of B. Cereus is Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine!
Opsonization (c3b), Inflammation (c3a & c5a) and Lysis via membrane attack complex (c5-c9) are the end result of this.
What is complement activation?
(make sure you know what activates it too!)
This bacteria can cross the placenta and causes numerous birth defects, including saber shins and saddle nose.
What is Treponema pallidum?
You have determined that your patient is in the prodromal phase of infectious disease. How might your patient be feeling?
Your patient will have vague, generalized symptoms. They may feel tired, fatigued.
This is an reproduction method found in some protozoans. It involves multiple mitoses without cytokinesis.
What is schizogony?
This states that the flow of genetic information goes from DNA -> RNA -> Protein.
What is the Central Dogma Theory?
Addison’s disease, Celiac, Psoriasis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and type I diabetes are examples of these:
Autoimmune disorders
Signs and symptoms of this pathogen include fever, swollen lymph nodes and extreme lethargy. It has a biological vector: the tsetse fly.
What is Trypanosoma brucei?
Pathogen A has an LD 50 of 100, whereas Pathogen B has a LD 50 of 1000. Which one of these pathogens is the least virulent?
Pathogen B. Why?
Compare and contrast cysts and endospores
Endospores: A dormant state seen in some G+ bacterial species in response to suboptimal conditions. They are hardier than cysts.
Cysts: Formed by some protozoans. They are also dormant, but not as hardy as endospores.
DAILY DOUBLE: What about conidiospores?
This component of an amino acid is what differentiates it from other amino acids
What are R groups?
Provide 3 ways in which antibodies inactivate/neutralize their targets
Neutralization
Opsonization
Oxidation
Complement Activation
Agglutination
ADCC
If you were bitten by a female anopheles mosquito, you might become infected with this eukaryotic microbe.
What is Plasmodium?