Bacteria Basics
This scientist is known as the "father of microbiology" and developed the first microscopes.
Who is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?
This type of virus infects bacteria and is often used in genetic research.
What is a bacteriophage?
This common yeast is used in baking and brewing.
What is Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
These white blood cells are the first responders in the immune system.
What are neutrophils?
This method is used to grow bacteria on a solid surface in a petri dish.
What is streak plating?
These types of bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain purple in a Gram stain.
What are Gram-positive bacteria?
The flu is caused by this type of virus.
What is the influenza virus?
Fungi obtain their nutrients by this method.
What is absorption?
This organ is responsible for producing T cells.
What is the thymus?
This staining technique differentiates bacteria based on their cell wall composition.
What is Gram staining?
This spiral-shaped bacterium is responsible for causing Lyme disease.
What is Borrelia burgdorferi?
This virus causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
What is HIV?
This opportunistic fungal pathogen commonly infects immunocompromised individuals.
What is Candida albicans?
These proteins help the immune system recognize pathogens by binding to antigens.
What are antibodies?
This piece of equipment is used to sterilize tools and media using high-pressure steam.
What is an autoclave?
Bacteria reproduce through this type of asexual division.
What is binary fission?
Unlike DNA viruses, these viruses must use reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA into DNA.
What are retroviruses?
The antibiotic penicillin is derived from this type of fungus.
What is Penicillium?
This type of immunity is developed after exposure to a pathogen or vaccination.
What is adaptive immunity?
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify these.
What are DNA sequences?
This bacterial structure allows some bacteria to survive extreme conditions by forming a tough, protective shell.
What is an endospore?
The first successful vaccine was developed for this virus by Edward Jenner.
What is smallpox?
Fungal cell walls are primarily composed of this substance.
What is chitin?
These cells "remember" past infections and help the immune system respond more quickly in the future.
What are memory B cells?
This technique separates DNA fragments based on size using an electric field.
What is gel electrophoresis?