Autoimmune Diseases
What are autoimmune diseases?
Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your body.
Who is credited with creating the first successful vaccine?
Edward Jenner
What is synthetic biology?
Redesigning organisms so they produce a substance or gain an ability.
What is an allergy?
The immune system reacting to a foreign substance.
How many cells does a prokaryote contain?
A single cell
How can you cure autoimmune diseases?
Autoimmune diseases cannot be cured, only suppressed.
Who created the rabies vaccine?
Louis Pasteur
What does ZFN stand for?
Zinc-finger nuclease
Name 3 symptoms of an allergy.
itchy and watery eyes, itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose, rashes, hives, stomach cramps, vomiting, anaphylaxis
How do prokaryotes replicate?
Binary fission
Name 2 autoimmune diseases.
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes, vasculitis, alopecia areata, etc.
How are zoonotic diseases transmitted?
Coming into contact with the saliva, blood, urine, mucous, feces, or other body fluids of an infected animal.
What type of structure do RNA-based switches form?
Stem-loop structure.
What is commonly used as an emergency treatment for allergic reactions?
Epinephrine injection
What are the two types of bacterial cell walls?
Gram-positive and gram-negative.
What test is often used when symptoms suggest an autoimmune disease?
Antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
Name 2 categories of vaccines.
LAV, killed/inactivated, mRNA, subunit/recombinant, vectored.
What do TALENs stand for?
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases.
Approximately how many people have an allergic reaction every year in the US?
~50 million people
Prokaryotes have inhabited Earth for approximately how many years?
~3.5 billion years
There are more than ____ types of autoimmune diseases.
80
What do killer T cells do?
Kill certain cells, including foreign cells, cancer cells, and cells infected with a virus.
What volatile organic compound is needed to make synthetic rubber?
Isoprene
Mast cell degranulation releases what?
Histamine
The prokaryotic cell wall is made up of what?
Peptidoglycan