Scientists & Microorganisms
Scientist who discovered Penicillin antibiotic
Who is Alexander Fleming?
Study of shape or form
What is morphology?
Inert, resting cells produced by some Gram positive cells
What is endospore
Function of enzyme
Molecule formed from oxygen that makes oxygen toxic
What is superoxide free radical
Father of aseptic technique
Who is Joseph Lister?
3 categories of identification
What is phenotypic, genotypic, serological
Four stages of population growth curve
lag, exponential, stationary, death
Enzyme that regulates glycolysis through allosteric inhibition
What is PFK?
Cell in hypertonic solution results in
What is shriveled cell?
What is
Smallest example of cellular life
prokaryote
unicellular/colonial
What is differential, structural
Appendages of prokaryotes and their functions
What is
flagella-motility
fimbriae-adhesion
pili-join becterial cells for conjugation (partial DNA transfer)
Why ferment?
What is
recycle electron carriers
allows glycolysis to continue
does not require oxygen or energy
faster than cellular respiration
3 parts of nucleic acid
What is sugar backbone, nitrogenous base, phosphate groups
Koch's Postulates
What is
1. Organism must be present in all cases
2. Organism must be able to isolate and grow organism
3. Pure culture must cause disease in new host
4. Must be able to reisolate from new host
Interpret: serum tested with an antigen leads to clumping
What is patient is making antibodies and may have been exposed
Why Gram negative cells can cause damage to the body as they are killed
What is Lipid A endotoxin of LPS
Aerobic vs anaerobic respiration
What is
in aerobic respiration, final electron acceptor is oxygen
Gram stain steps
What is crystal violet --> iodine --> alcohol --> safranin
Photosynthetic eukaryote
unicellular/colonial/multicellular
What is algae?
Pros and cons of physiological/biochemical tests
What is
can accurately identify almost any microbe with enough tests; slow and requires a pure culture
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What is
prokaryote: no internal membranes or organelles, DNA in cytoplasm, DNA usually in one circular chromosome, cell walls mostly contain peptidoglycan, no mitosis
eukaryote: membrane-bound organelles, DNA in nucleus, DNA usually more than one linear chromosome, some lack cell walls and no peptidoglycan, mitosis
Final ATP accounting per glucose molecule in cellular respiration (including which processes the ATP comes from)
2 ATP from glycolysis
2 ATP from Krebs cycle
30 ATP from 10 NADH (3 ATP each)
4 ATP from 2 FADH2 (2 ATP each)
Gram positive cell wall vs Gram negative cell wall
What is Gram positive has thick peptidoglycan and teichoic acid, and stains purple; Gram negative has thin peptidoglycan, outer membrane, LPS, and stains pink