Micro-
organisms
organisms
Are viruses alive?
We don't know, probably not
What does active transport need and why?
ATP Energy to fight concentration gradients.
Bacteria that cause diseases are called:
Pathogenic
What type of bacteria do not need oxygen to live?
Anaerobic bacteria
What is antibiotic resistance?
When some bacteria are able to survive antibiotic medicine
Bacteria are _____ organisms
Prokaryotic
Some cells have villi to______
Increase surface area
What is a bacteria's metabolism?
How bacteria get their food and energy.
What is the name of rod-shaped bacteria?
What adaptation do some bacteria have that allows them to survive difficult conditions?
Endospores
The first organism that could do photosynthesis is:
Cyanobacteria
Small and nonpolar using a concentration gradient.
What type of cell wall and cell membrane does a gram-positive bacteria have?
One very thick cell wall outside a small cell membrane.
What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
Epidemics are small and only affect certain areas, like cities or countries. Pandemics are large and affect many countries or even the whole world.
Describe the shape, gram-stain, and toxin Clostridium botulinum makes, and any other features it has.
Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus that makes botulinum toxin.
What type of fungi do humans use to make bread and beer?
Yeast
What is a flagella?
A tail-like part of a cell that helps it move.
What are halophiles?
Bacteria that live in salty environments.
What type of bacteria lives in rodent blood and causes the bubonic plague, AKA the Black Death?
Yersinia pestis
What type of bacteria is a gram-negative vibrio with a flagella?
Vibrio cholerae
Parasites like flukes need:
A host to give them shelter, food, water, and more.
Describe everything in the list as a prokaryotic feature, eukaryotic feature, or both.
- Plasmids -Flagella - Nucleus
- Nucleoid - Big -A cell
-Small - Mitosis - Binary Fission - No organelles
Plasmids: Prokaryotes Flagella: Both Nucleus: Eukaryotes
Nucleoid: Prokaryotes Big: Eukaryotes Cell: Both
Small: Prokaryotes Mitosis: Eukaryotes
Binary Fission: Prokaryotes No Organelles: Prokaryotes
What is HGT? How do bacteria do it?
Horizontal Gene Transfer. Bacteria use plasmids to share their DNA.
What type of bacteria is a polyextremophile that can survive extreme radiation, dehydration, vacuums, and extremely low temperatures?
Deinococcus radiodurans
What type of toxin does the dangerous strain of Escherichia coli, E.Coli O-157, make?
Shiga toxin.