TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS
A virus:
A) cannot exist extracellularly
B) affect only eukaryotes
C) can cause hepatitis A and the common cold
D) A and C
C) can cause hepatitis A and the common cold
Which of the following statements are true?
A) The MIC is the lowest concentration that can kill pathogens.
B) The larger the therapeutic index, the better the drug for humans.
C) Both disinfectants and antiseptics are used on human tissue.
D) A and B
B - the larger the therapeutic index, the better the drug for humans.
What are the positive results for the IMViC test for E.coli?
Positive-Indole and Methyl Red
Negative- Citrate and VP
Enzymes:
A) increase the concentration of the reactants
B) increase the activation energy
C) are not impacted by pH levels, only temperature levels
D) do not alter the reaction equilibrium
D - do not alter the reaction equilibrium
The non specific immune response is what type of immunity?
Innate
Archaea
A) have a thick layer of peptidoglycan
B) are composed of isoprene units
C) all have a monolayer membrane
D) have ester linkages to glycerol
B - composed of isoprene units
Sterilization can occur:
A) in autoclaves
B) during pasteurization
C) using dry heat
D) A and B
E) A and C
E - A and C
The Ziegler’s-Neelsen Method uses what dyes and reagents?
Primary dye- carbol fuchsin
Steaming
Decolorizer: acid alcohol
Secondary dye: methylene blue
Select all that apply...
Purines _____ and pyrimadines ____.
A) exists as free bases ; doesn't exist as free bases
B) doesn't exist as free bases ; exists as free bases
C) include adenine and guanine ; include uracil, cytosine, and thymine
D) include uracil, cytosine, and thymine ; include adenine and guanine
E) Both have nitrogenous bases
B, C, E
What is the specific type of immunity that has memory?
Adaptive
Protists include:
A) algae
B) protozoa
C) yeasts
D) A and C
E) A and B
E - A and B
Vancomycin ______ and Erythromycin ______.
A) inhibits protein synthesis ; inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
B) has a 12-22 carbon lactone ring ; contains a beta lactam ring
C) inhibits cell wall synthesis ; is a type of Macrolide
C - inhibits cell wall synthesis ; is a type of Macrolide
In the mixed fermentation pathway, the acids will change the pH balance to what?
Lower the pH below 4.4 and will remain a vibrant red
Any pH between 4.4 and 6.2 will change to a orange color
Above 6.2 a yellow color
Four
In the innate system, the first barrier to protect us from microbes is?
The skin
Prions:
A) diseases have no treatment
B) are composed of RNA
C) causes smallpox and rabies
A) diseases have no treatment
____ is the killing, inhibition, or removal of disease causing pathogenic organisms.
A) sterilization
B) disinfection
C) sanitization
D) antisepsis
B - Disinfection
The cardinal temperatures are?
Minimum, optimum and maximum
Select all that are true....
A) Primary producers are photolithoautotrophs and photoorganoautotrophs
B) We fall under the classification of chemoheterotrophs
C) If all autotrophs were to disappear, there would be a surplus of carbon dioxide
D) Photoautotrophs need organic carbon to function
B and C
What are the 3 complement pathways?
Alternative, lectin, classical
Bacteria:
A) ones with a smaller surface area to volume ratio can bring nutrients into the cell easier
B) have sterols, but lack hopanoids
C) are all composed of teichoic acids which aids in protection
D) all have enzymes in the periplasmic space
D - all have enzymes in the periplasmic space
True or false
Boiling destroys spores, but does not sterilize.
False, boiling does not destroy spores AND it does not sterilize.
Select all that apply
The Schaeffer-Fulton Method ...
A) differentiates cells with high peptidoglycan content
B) helps identify cells with high mycolic acid content
C) is a structural stain
D) helps with the detection of endospores
C and D
How many transformations does the nitrogen cycle have?
Eight
True or false:
All leukocytes are not lymphocytes but all lymphocytes are leukocytes.
True