Viruses
Is a single virus particle (virion) larger than a single bacteria cell?
No
The bacteria cell is larger than a virion.
What are the two major classes (types) of bacteria?
Archaebacteria & Eubacteria
What is the term used for disease - causing microorganisms?
Pathogens
What kingdom do protists belong to?
Protista
What kingdom do fungi belong to?
Fungi
What is the name of the viral replication process?
Lytic Cycle
What are 4 ways to classify bacteria?
Shape; Configuration; Respiration; Nutrition
How many lines of defense does the immune system have? Name them.
3 lines of defense
1. External
2. Lymphatic system
3. Antibody formation
What are the three major groups of protists?
Plant-like Protists
Animal-like Protists
Fungi-like Protists
The structure of fungi has been adapted for what two main functions?
1. Absorption of nutrients
2. Reproduction
Do viruses appear in the classification system of all life on Earth? Why or why not?
No, because viruses are lifeless particles that do not display the essential characteristics of living cells.
What is the scientific term for bacteria asexual reproduction? Explain the 4 main steps that occur.
Binary Fission; 1. Expanding cytoplasm, 2. Replicating chromosome (DNA), 3. Splitting cell wall, 4. Creating two daughter cells
What are antibiotics? What is the alarming issue occurring with antibiotics?
Antibiotics are natural substances that immobilize or destroy microorganisms.
Pathogens (bacteria) are developing resistance to antibiotics = MAJOR ISSUE
List one importance of protists.
2. Plant-like protists supply about 80% of the would's supply of oxygen.
What is the name of a fungi reproductive cell? Is this reproductive cell used during asexually reproduction or sexual reproduction?
Spore; Sexual Reproduction
What are vaccines? What is the benefit of using vaccinations in large populations?
Vaccines are liquid preparations of dead or weakened viral cells that stimulate the body's immune system.
Using vaccinations in a large population limits the spread of viral infections.
Explain two ways that bacteria can be helpful for humans and/or the environment.
1. Recycle dead materials
2. Clean up hazardous waste (pollution control)
3. Used in food production (industry)
4. Probiotic agents (gut microbiome)
Provide two ways to avoid bacteria developing antibiotic resistance.
1. Don't prescribe antibiotics for viral problem.
2. Finish all medication when you have a bacterial infection.
3. Don't feed antibiotics to livestock.
4. Don't over - prescribe antibiotics for problems that don't really need them.
Out of the three main groups of protists, which group is both autotroph and heterotroph?
Plant-like Protists
What is the main function of fungi within their ecosystem/environment?
Decomposers; Saprophytes
List the 4 basic steps of how a virus reproduces.
1. Attachment and entrance
2. Synthesis of protein and nucleic acids
3. Assembly of the units
4. Release of new viruses
What are the 4 phases of the bacteria growth curve? Provide one reason why the curve plateaus.
LAG Phase; Exponential Phase; Stationary Phase; Death Phase.
The curve plateaus when the bacteria growth slows due to lack of nutrients and production of waste.
Brith rate = Death rate
Explain the difference between active immunity and passive immunity. What are the names of the two categories within each type of immunity?
Active immunity is when the body manufactures antibodies itself.
Passive immunity is when antibodies themselves are introduced into the bloodstream directly.
Two categories are natural and artificial immunity.
List two characteristics that protists share with bacteria.
1. Reproduce asexually by binary fission
2. Thrive in moist environments
3. Most are unicellular
Why did fungi become their own kingdom of life? What kingdom did they originally belong to?
Because they don't photosynthesize. They once belonged to the plant kingdom.