Foundation Vocabulary
The difference between a Broad Spectrum & Narrow Spectrum Antimicrobic is..
What is 'BSA are affective against a wide range of microorganisms & NSA are effective against few microorganisms'?
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, & Bacitracin inhibit synthesis of _______.
What is 'cell wall'?
What did Dr. Paul Erhlich develop?
What is 'the first chemotherapeutic antimicrobic for syphilis'?
Sulfonamides and Antibiotics are both types of Antimicrobics, what makes them different?
What is 'Sulfonamides are synthetic and antibiotics are naturally sourced?
A macrolide antibiotic that is effective against gram positive bacteria. It is generally bacteriostatic, administered orally, and is used to treat those sensitive to penicillins.
What is 'Erythromycin'?
What do (MIC) & (MLC) stand for?
What is 'Minumum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) & Minimum Lethan Concentration (MLC)'?
Amphotericin, Polymixin B, & Miconazole inhibit function of ________.
What is 'cell membrane'?
Who discovered the sulfonamides in 1935?
Who is 'Gerhard Domagk'?
___________ were first isolated in 1948, their structure and action are similar to penicillins.
What is 'Cephalosporins'?
___________ have amino sugars & an aminocylitol ring, almost all end in mycin or micin, & all bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit which interferes with protein synthesis.
What is 'Aminoglycosides'?
A one step process such as a point mutation that causes restistance is _______. Resistance over a period of time creating mutant populations is ______.
What is 'One-step resistance; Multistep Resistance'?
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, & Chloramphenicols inhibit sythesis of ______.
What is 'proteins'?
What did Selman Waksman isolate from Streptomycea griesus?
What is 'streptomycin'?
Which antibiotic prevents cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidal bridges from forming in the peptidoglycans?
What is 'Penicillin'?
Vancomycin inhibits __________ synthesis & is used against Staphylococci that produce _________.
What is 'Peptidoglycan; Penicillinase'
Antimicrobics & Antibiotics both kill or inhibit, but what are the differences between the two?
What is 'Antimicrobics are any substance that may be used systematically to kill or inhibit microbial pathogens & Antibiotics are produced by a microorganisms (naturally sourced) that kills or inhibits other microorganisms'?
What mechanism of action do Sulfonamides, trimethoporim, & INH have?
What is 'Antimetabolites (competitive inhibitors)'?
Alexander Fleming & Howard Florey both played a part in the history of penicillin, but what roles did they each play?
________ is a class of very broad spectrum antibiotic. A derivative called impenim prevents ________ when combined with cilastin sodium.
What is 'Carbapenems; degredation'?
Tetracyclines consist of ____ fused rings. These broad spectrums act by binding to the ___ ribosomal subunit or to charged ____ preventing attachment to the acceptor site and interfering with ______ synthesis.
What is 'four; 50s; tRNA's; protein'?
What is Antimicrobic Chemotherapy. How does the Chemotherapudic Index apply to it?
What is 'the use of antimicrobics to treat infectious diseases; the Chemotherapudic Index measures how toxic the Antimicrobic chemotherapy is to your body vs to the microbe'?
Rifampin, Acyclovir (Zovirax), Retrovir (AZT), Quinolones, Diaanosine (ddl), & dideoxycytosine (ddC) inhibit with _______ _____.
What is 'Nucleic Acids'?
The 3 reasons for Antimicrobic Resistance given on the handout are...
What is '1.Selection of wild-type resistance variants 2.Gene transfer of resistance 3.Role of environment in resistance'?
What are the 5 Mechanisms of Antimicrobic Resistance?
What is '1. decreased permeability to the antimicrobic 2. metabolic pathway is affected 3. production of enzymes 4. Decreased sensitivity of enzymes 5. acquisition of resistance via gene transfers'?
List 5 of the 7 given human practices that have led to antibiotic (antimicrobic) resistance:
What is '1. Overuse and misuse by physicians 2. Patient demand for (unneeded) antibiotics 3. Use of antibiotics by Immunocompromised people 4. Failure of patients to follow prescribed treatment 5. Long-term, low-dose acne treatment 6. Antibiotics in animal feed 7. Word travel'?