Canning & Commercial Sterilization
Why is the term commercial sterilization not accurate?
What are the standards for the different types of milk?
What is "
Pasteurized Grade A Milk: <20,000 bac/ml & not >10 coliforms/ml
Cultured products (buttermilk & sour cream): not >10 coliforms/ml
Dry Milk: <30,000 bac/g & not >10 coliforms/g
Raw Milk: <10,000 bac/ml & not >10 coliforms/ml
_____ are used in baking; the sugars in bread dough are _________ into _______.
Vitamin B12 and Riboflavin are two examples of ________ produced by microorganisms.
What is "Vitamins"?
What is "Microorganisms that infect and grow in the target host producing a clinical disease that kills or incapacitates the targeted host"?
In aseptic packaging, the container used is usually made of laminated paper or plastic that cannot tolerate conventional heat treatment. What is used to sterilize the material instead?
What is "hot hydrogen peroxide"?
How is yogurt made?
1. Evaporate water from low-fat milk in a vacuum pan
2. Inoculation with a lactic acid-producing bacteria
3. Yogurt is incubated
4. Stabilizers are added to aid in thickening
What is "grain starches are fermented; Malting: starch is converted into glucose & maltose"?
_______ _____, otherwise known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a good example of microorganisms themselves as an industrial product.
What is "Baker's Yeast"?
What are the two types of Biological substances that can be used as weapons?
What is "Biologically Derived Bioactive Substances (BDBS) & Artificially Designed Biological-Mimicking Substances"?
____________ _________ _________ is possible in low-acid canned foods. The can is usually swollen from ___ production, and the contents have a lowered pH & sour odor due to ____ production. This is caused by thermophilic clostridia, which survived commercial sterilization.
What is "Thermophilic anaerobic spoilage; gas; acid"?
How is butter made and what are the two products?
What is "churning cream until the fat phase forms globules of butter, diacetyl provides the flavor and aroma of butter. The butter and buttermilk are the two products"?
Distilled spirits such as whiskey, vodka, & rum are made by fermentation of _____________ from grains, ________, and molasses. The alcohol is then _________ off.
What is "carbohydrates; potatoes; distilled"?
When Lysin and a minimal amount of biotin are combined, it can induce the secretion of ________ ____, which is used to make the flavor enhancer ____.
What is "Glutamic acid; MSG"?
What is an everyday substance that is closely related to Nerve Gas?
What is "pesticides"?
Canned-food spoilage by mesophilic bacteria is due to can _______ or _______________.
What is "leakage (water leakage from water bath) or underprocessing (not hot enough for long enough)"?
What factors determine the type of cheese produced?
What is
1. longer incubation time = more acidity & sharper taste
2. The type of mold used to grow the cheese
3. Whether the mold works on the interior or exterior of the cheese
Wines are typically made from the fermentation of ______ by ______.
What is "grapes by yeast"?
What is "enzymes"?
What are the 4 advantages of" Biological Weapons?
What is "1. Reproduction (only need one to start) 2. Biological toxins are the strongest (among the most toxic agents known) 3. Relatively easy and inexpensive to grow 4. Large quantities can be produced in a short time"?
What is the canning process?
What is
1. Cans are filled with minimal dead space
2. Put into a steam box to drive out dissolved air
3. Cans are sealed
4. Cans are sterilized by pressurized steam
5. Cans are cools by submerging in water bath
How is vinegar made?
What is "Vinegar is created by starting the wine process but then adding in acetobacter (an aerobic bacteria) which oxidizes the alcohol into acetic acid. This turns the wine into vinegar"?
What is the process of making wine?
What is
1. Crush & destem grapes
2. Sulfite is added to kill bad yeasts & bacteria
3. Yeast innoculum is added and fermentation occurs
4. Wine is pressed and put into settling vats to clarify it
5. Wine is filtered & aged
_________ _____ _____ are especially important because animals cannot synthesize them (produce them ourselves) so they must be consumed. A mutant form of a bacterium is used to produce ______ because it does not have the feedback inhibition from threonine.
What is "essential amino acids; lysine"?
What are the 4 disadvantages of Biological Weapons?
What is "1. Difficulty protecting workers 2. Accidental release 3. Delivery problems (hard to be exact on delivery if it is an airborne pathogen) 4. Difficult to control once released (protecting your own people is hard)