Water Pollution
The Transmission of Infectious Diseases through Water Pollution is called the _____-____ _____ of transmission.
What is "the fecal-oral route of transmission"?
What is the primary sewage indicator?
What is "E. Coli is the predominant fecal coliform indicator"?
During ____________ treatment, _________ _______ is added to the water which forms floc that carries down the suspended colloidal material with it.
What is "flocculation; potassium sulfate (alum)"?
What is sewage made up of?
What is "sewage is just used water; is mostly water with 0.03% particulate matter"?
What is solid municipal waste & where is it often placed?
What is "garbage; in landfills"?
Why are many industrial and agricultural chemicals that enter the water so harmful?
What is "the chemicals that enter the water are usually resistant to degradation and can become concentrated in biological organisms which are then eatenby humans."?
What are the 2 basic methods for the detection and enumeration of coliforms?
What is the next step in water treatment after flocculation & what does it do?
What is "sand filtration removes about 99% of the bacteria and viruses remaining at this stage"?
What is the first step in sewage treatment and what is its main purpose?
What is "Primary treatment: settling & skimming- gets rid of 50% of solids 1/3 of BOD"?
Why are landfills not ideal for the disposal of garbage?
What is "materials tend to degrade very slowly there (even biodegradable materials b/c of the lack of light and oxygen)"?
Why is Eutrophication dangerous?
What is "Eutrophication over nourishes the water allowing algae to grow which then is degraded by bacteria. This depletes the oxygen in the lake."?
The ________ ______ _______ distinguishes bacteria based on the distinctive appearance of the colonies that form on the surface of the suitable medium pad.
What is "the membrane filter method"?
_________ ________ absorbs chemical pollutants, supplementing sand filtration.
What is "Activated Charcoal"?
_________ treatment involves high aeration to encourage _______ microorganisms to oxidize dissolved organic matter.
What is "secondary; aerobic"?
_______ is a dangerous byproduct of microbial metabolism in landfills if it is left to make pockets. However, it can be collected and used to produce ___________.
What is "Methane; electricity"?
Coal mining wastes are high in ______ content. Bacteria convert the ________ into ________. These enter the streams as ________ ____.
What is "Coal mining wastes are high in sulfur content. Bacteria convert the sulfides into sulfates. These enter the streams as sulfuric acid."?
During the Multiple-tube fermentation technique tubes of ______ ________ broth are inoculated with a ________ series of water samples. Phenol red or MUG may be included to detect ____ and/or ___ production.
What is "lauryl tryptose; dilution; acid and/or gas production"?
Water is then ___________ to kill microorganisms before distribution.
What is "chlorinated"?
What are the 2 options for secondary treatment & what are the differences?
What is "1. Activated Sludge System: Aerated pools (expensive) & 2. Trickling Filter: sprinkler and rocks (not expensive)"?
Many communities reduce the amount of organic material entering landfills by __________. Microbial action converts most of the organic material into ______ material.
What is "Composting; stable"?
What is the difference between a Presumptive Test, a Confirmed Test, & a Completed Test?
What is "
Presumptive Test: water is presumed to be safe until further testing can be done (tests for bacteria in general)
Confirmed Test: Confirms the presence of E.Coli (tests for coliforms)
Completed Test: A gram stain test of the conclusions from the confirmed test (tests for coliforms)
What are the 2 possible replacements for chlorination during water treatment?
What is "Ozone & ultraviolet tube lamps"?