chapter 1
The study of microscopic organisms
What is microbiology?
A charged fluid layer, negative charge from phospholipid heads
What is a cytoplasmic membrane?
Prokaryotic cells that are etremophiles
What are archaea?
Pathogens that infect every type of cell, bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa, plants, and animals
What are viruses?
The system we use for naming something scientifically
What is nomenclature?
A surface coating on the cell that may be a slime layer or a capsule
What is the glycocalyx?
The most prominent organelle of eukaryotic cells
What is the nucleus?
The three different shapes of viruses
What is icosahedral, helical, and complex?
A triglyceride with one fatty acid chain replaced by a phosphate group
What is a phospholipid?
The 4 different kinds of flagellar arrangements
monotrichous, amphitrichous, lophotrichous, peritrichous
True or False: helminths and protozoa have cell walls
False, helminths and protozoa do not have cell walls
Viruses that only infect bacteria
What is a bacteriophage?
Composed of amino acids, the shapers of life
What is a protein?
Small bristle-like fibers off the surface of many bacterial cells, aids in adhesion
What is fimbria/fimbriae?
The different labels given to fungi based on how it receives nutrients
What are heterotrophs, saprotrophs, and parasites?
Viruses become drug resistant by
random mutation, reassortment, and recombination
The disruption of the normal 3D shape of a protein due to heat, acid, alcohol, etc.
A special membrane channel protein that allows certain chemicals through
What is a porin protein?
The organelle that modifies proteins and sends them to their final destination
What is the golgi apparatus?
Central dogma in molecular biology & genetics
What is DNA --> mRNA --> proteins