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Microbial Growth
Factors that Affect Microbial Growth
Nonspecific Microbial Control
Antibiotics
Metabolism
100
This is the process by which bacterial cells divide.
What is binary fission?
100
These organisms require high nutrients levels in order to grow.
What are copiotrophs?
100
Chemicals classified as this kill pathogens on inanimate objects and surfaces.
What are disinfectants?
100
Antibiotics specifically target organisms in this domain.
What is Bacteria?
100
With its required coenzyme or cofactor, an enzyme is called this.
What is an apoenzyme?
200
Potassium, magnesium, and calcium are examples of these.
What are micronutrients?
200
These organisms have an optimum growth temperature between 20 and 30 degrees C, and cause many types of food spoilage.
What are psychrotrophs?
200
These chemicals control microbial growth by oxidizing cellular materials.
What are halogens?
200
Penicillin is most effective against these organisms.
What are Gram positive Bacteria?
200
This molecule links the processes of catabolism and anabolism.
What is ATP?
300
Bacterial cells are more susceptible to antibiotics during this stage of growth.
What is log phase?
300
Altering this environmental condition can disrupt plasma membranes, inhibit transport across a plasma membrane, and denature enzymes.
What is pH?
300
This term encompasses all of the physical means of controlling microbial growth discussed in lecture.
What is sterilization?
300
Other than the cell wall, these cell structures are a very common target for antibiotics.
What are 70S ribosomes?
300
NAD+ is an example of this.
What is an electron carrier?
400
DAILY DOUBLE!! Bacteria begin producing secondary metabolites (such as antibiotics) during this stage of growth.
What is stationary phase?
400
A halophile placed into deionized water would be in this type of environment.
What is hypotonic?
400
These chemicals control microbial growth by denaturing proteins and disrupting plasma membranes.
What are phenols?
400
Organisms like MRSA have evolved due to this.
What is antibiotic resistance?
400
Nitrate and sulfate are examples of electron acceptors in this metabolic process.
What is anaerobic respiration?
500
This indirect cell counting technique involves a series of serial dilutions in order to determine total cells in an original sample.
What are plate counts?
500
These enzymes are produced by organisms that are able to tolerate and/or grow in the presence of oxygen.
What are SOD and catalase?
500
Alcohols are used in Gram staining because they can do this to bacterial cells, which also helps control microbial growth.
What is dissolve plasma membranes?
500
This antibiotic is least likely to be toxic to humans.
What is penicillin?
500
DAILY DOUBLE!! Fermentation and respiration both use an organic substrate as this.
What is an electron donor?