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Valentine
Hazen
Camilli
Misc
100
The Deep Water Horizon Spill was the largest off-shore oil spill and occured at extreme depths of 1500m- allowing time for the dissolution of volatile hydrocarbons including methane, ethane, propane, and butane before reaching the surface.
Why was the study conducted in the Gulf of Mexico/ What is so special about this location?
100
Gammaproteobacteria! Always gram-negative and the most well known are pathogens; includes E.coli, Yersinia (plague), Salmonella, Vibrio (cholera), Klebsiella (pneumonia) etc...
What is the class of bacteria that is the focus of this study?
100
Dissolve Oxygen; CDOM; aromatic hydrocarbon; methane; C2+ hydrocarbon; C3+ hydrocarbon; benzene; naphthalene
What are the measurement concentrations (comparing to the depth) in figure 1?
100
What is Jesse's last name?
Wilson
200
Cycloclasticus, Colwellia, Oceanospirillaceae; all are known propane and ethane consuming bacteria located in deep plumes containing distinctive propane and ethane anomalies.
What are the bacterial genus' that were identified in the study?
200
Cell density, Cell composition, microbial biomass, and community
What aspects of individual cells and microbial communities did oil dispersal in the plume affect?
200
June 23 and 27, 2010; excess of 1000m in depth (operated for 64 hours to cover a linear distance of 235 km)
When and at what depth did the three sentry surveys conducted?
200
A compound of hydrogen & carbon such as any of those that are the main components of petroleum & natural gas.
What is a hydrocarbon?
300
No physical or chemical factors other than hydrocarbons and nitrates were significantly different between plume samples and non-plume samples.
What was an indicator that microorganisms were responding directly to the presence of dispersed oil?
300
In excess of 50 micrograms per liter. These data indicate that monoaromatic input to this plume was at least 5500 kg/d (more than double the total source rate of all natural seeps of the monoaromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
How much excess mono-aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in the sample collected within the plume? and what did it indicated?
300
The branch of biotechnology that uses biological processes to overcome environmental problems- most often involves using living organisms to overcome environmental problems (i.e. remove pollutants)
What is biomediation?
400
Oxygen levels were measured in situ with an oxygen sensor on-board the ship. They compared their loss patterns with observed oxygen anomalies in the deep-water column. It was found that oxygen levels systematically declined in the plume horizon. See figure 1B!
How (method) did they assess the importance of ethane and propane as aerobic respiratory substrates and what pattern did they find?
400
This test showed the overall microbial functional composition and structure were correlated with many oil contaminants
What is the Matel test that ran a statistical analysis on the oil plume samples?
400
The strongest hydrocarbon reading located at 1100m depth (west-southwest of the well site). The weakest signal was detected northeast of the well site.
Based on mass spectra and aromatic fluorometer data, where are the strongest and weakest hydrocarbon readings?
400
The chemical dissolution of materials by bacteria or other biological means can occur aerobically with oxygen or anerobically (we deal specifically with oil degradation)
What is biodegradation?
500
Development of methanotrophic communities in deep hydrocarbon plumes is delayed with respect to that of ethane, propane, and butane communities. Ethane and propane displayed significantly high rates of biodegradation, whereas methane levels were far more conservative. Altogether together this indicates preferential consumption of propane and ethane relative to methane in deep hydrocarbon seeps.
What did researchers conclude about the relative rates of natural gas consumption between the community types?
500
The lack of systematic oxygen drawdown within the plume suggested that the petroleum hydrocarbons did not fuel appreciable microbial respiration on the temporal scales of the study.
As the result, what did the lack of oxygen drawdown within the plume suggested?
500
A form of respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen.
What is anaerobic respiration?