Prion Diseases
Viruses
Bacterial Genetics
Cancer
Bacterial Growth
100
What human prion disease was transmitted by cannibalism and is now extinct?
What is Kuru
100
In order to complete the incorporation stage of the lysogenic life cycle, what viral enzyme would be used?
What is integrase
100
T/F: old DNA fragments are discarded
What is False - they are recycled
100
What term describes the genes which can lead to cancer, if they are NOT flipped to their cancer-causing state?
What are Proto-Oncogenes
100
During which lettered stage would the number of new cells created be exactly the same as the number of cells dying?
What is A and C
200
What tissue(s) would be examined to determine if an animal had a prion disease? What would be two indicators to look for?
What is the Brain/CNS; plaques and spaces
200
With the base sequence TACCGAAT, before it can make viral proteins, the genome will be used to make what molecule? (base sequence)
What is AUGGCUUA (+sense)
200
In bacteria, horizontal gene transfer is _______; while vertical gene transfer is _________.
What is Recombination; Reproduction
200
Which oncogene causes abnormal cells to commit suicide? Is it normally turned ON or OFF?
What is Apoptosis;ON
200
T/F: Bacteria found in the maximum stationary phase are stronger than those at the minimum stationary phase?
What is False
300
Normal prion proteins are _____ and are _____ (shape), while abnormal prion proteins are _____ and are _____(shape).
What is cPrp, flexible; pPrp, flat
300
The penetration stage of an enveloped, animal viral life cycle may be accomplished by? (all three ways)
What is:
- Fusion with the host cell surface
- Phagocytosis by the host cell
- Direct entry of the genome
300
Plain” Conjugation and Transformation DIFFER in that:
a) Only Conjugation requires death of the donor cell
b) Only Transformation transfers random DNA
c) Transformation is more likely to transfer genomic DNA than plasmid DNA, while conjugation is equally likely to pass either
d) Conjugation is limited to bacteria of the same species, while Transformation is not
What is:
b) Only Transformation transfers random DNA
300
If cancer cells have spread to multiple sites in the body, this is most likely due to mutations in the _____ gene, and it has been turned___:
What is Metastasis; ON
300
If organism X reproduces every 20 minutes and starts with 100 bacteria, how many bacteria would be present after 3 hours?
What is 51,200
400
Full name for “mad cow” disease?
What is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
400
Virus A has RNA dependent RNA transcriptase. What 3 genome types could it have? What does this enzyme ALWAYS make?
What is ss + sense RNA, ss - sense RNA, or ds RNA;
Enzyme always makes RNA
400
The arrival of a new fragment of genome DNA in a bacteria cell will always be followed by what?
What is Loss of similar functioning (homologous) genes from the cell
400
How many TOTAL gene mutations within the same cell would be the minimum needed to develop cancer?
What are Four TOTAL gene mutations to develop cancer
400
Zika and dengue infections are suggested as two members of the __________ genus family
What are Flaviviruses
500
Humans infected by BSE infected cows have developed what disease?
What is Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
500
If protease inhibitors are used to treat a virus, what STAGE is affected?
What is assembly?
500
In the Griffith experiment with mice, “rough” Streptococcus pneumoniae cells gained the ability to make what?
What are capsules
500
Which virus could you have inquired if you were diagnosed with Kaposi’s Sarcoma?
What is Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8)
500
What is the name of the four variants of dengue that can amplify the already dangerous symptoms and make the dengue fever even more life-threatening?
What are serotypes