Micronutrients
Classification of minerals which we need in large quantities daily (i.e. greater than 100 mg / day)
What are macro minerals?
Essential component of hemoglobin, an erythrocyte (RBC) - transfers oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
What is iron?
Mixture of proteins made from the processing of cheese and/or dairy products
What is whey protein?
Androgenic drug which increases muscle size and strength
What are steroids?
Classification of minerals which we need in small quantities per day (i.e. less than 100 mg / day)
What are trace minerals?
Exercise can increase oxygen consumption significantly and oxididative damage at the cell membrane level. Collectively, vitamins A, C, E are called _______________________ due to their ability in reducing inflammation and free radical activity.
What are anti-oxidants?
Ergogenic doses are 3-6 mg/kg of body weight; benefits included enhanced focus, FFA utilization, and reduced perceptions of fatigue.
What is caffeine?
Blood doping involves misuse of this substance, which increases one's red blood cell volume, allowing one to transport more oxygen to muscles
What is EPO or Erythropeitin?
Vitamins A, D, E, K fit this category
What are fat soluble vitamins?
Most abundant electrolyte / mineral located in extracellular spaces
What is sodium?
Antacid used as a muscle buffer
What is sodium bicarbonate?
Sports such as archery, billards, darts, and shooting ban this drug, commonly prescribed for persons with heart conditions
What are beta blockers?
Number of vitamins that are consider to be water soluble
What is 9? B-complex vitamins and vitamin C
This vitamin regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption, maintains bone health but deficiencies may be higher in athletes who live at latitudes >35th parallel or who primarily train or compete indoors:
What is vitamin D?
Found naturally in foods like root vegetables and green leafy vegetables, this supplement increases vasodilation and supports improved blood flow to the tissue
What is nitrate?
(Nitric oxide)
non-essential amino acid which increases carnosine levels in the body (which helps maintain pH balance of muscles)
What is beta alanine?
Term that we use to describe the estimated average requirement needed for a micronutrient; it is the dietary intake level sufficient for 97-98% of the healthy population
What is ADEQUATE INTAKE, or AI?
Protein iron compound of both hemoglobin and myoglobin
What is heme?
The 3 amino acids that comprised BCAA's (branched chain amino acids)
What are: Leucine, isoleucine, and valine?
Somatotropin; natural peptide hormone from your pituitary gland
What is HGH or human growth hormone?