Social Construct of Race- CRT
This legal framework, developed in the late 20th century, examines the intersection of race, law, and power, asserting that racism is ingrained in American legal systems.
What is the social construct of race?
Refers to the uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges among different groups within society. This can be based on various factors, including race, gender, socioeconomic status, education, and more.
What is inequality?
People immigrate for various reasons, including economic opportunities, family reunification, escape from conflict or persecution, and education.
What are the main reasons people immigrate to the U.S.?
Social Identity Theory highlights the importance of group membership in shaping individual identities.
What is Social Identity?
Unearned advantages that individuals or groups receive based on certain characteristics, such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, or ability. These advantages can manifest in various ways, such as greater access to education, better job opportunities, or societal acceptance.
What is Social Privilege?
In the U.S., what was the 19th-century classification system that categorized individuals based on perceived racial differences and justified slavery?
What is the one-drop rule?
When societal structures and institutions (such as government, education, law enforcement, and the economy) perpetuate inequality and discrimination.
What is Institutional Oppression?
What are the major waves of immigration in U.S. history?
Often associated with social and political science, examines how groups or individuals compete for limited resources, power, or status, leading to conflict. This theory suggests that when resources are scarce or unequal, competition can escalate into disputes or violence.
What is Conflict Competition Theory?
What do these represent?
Racial, Gender, Class, Ability, Sexual orientation
What are Types of privilege?
This concept in Critical Race Theory asserts that racism is engrained in the fabric of society and that it is not just individual acts of prejudice.
What is systemic racism?
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.
Purpose: Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.
Significance: This amendment marked a pivotal moment in U.S. history by formally ending the institution of slavery following the Civil War. It aimed to ensure freedom and rights for formerly enslaved individuals.
What is the 13th Amendment (1865)?
Immigration policies have evolved significantly, from the restrictive Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to the more open policies of the 1965 act, which eliminated national origin quotas. Recent years have seen debates over border security, DACA, and pathways to citizenship.
How has immigration policy changed over time?
This refers to a social group with which a person identifies. Members of the his group often share common characteristics, such as values, beliefs, or interests, fostering a sense of belonging and loyalty.
What is an in-group?
Involves systemic and institutionalized discrimination and disadvantage faced by certain groups. It can manifest through social, economic, and political means, leading to marginalization, exclusion, and harm.
What is Oppression?
This term describes the unfair treatment of individuals based on their race or ethnicity, often manifesting in disparities in areas like education, employment, and criminal justice.
What is racial discrimination?
Purpose: Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and ensured equal protection under the law.
Significance: This amendment aimed to secure civil rights for former slaves and laid the foundation for future civil rights advancements. It also established the principle of due process, which has been crucial in legal cases related to discrimination and inequality.
What is the 14th Amendment (1868)?
Family reunification is a primary goal of U.S. immigration policy, allowing citizens and lawful permanent residents to sponsor relatives for immigration. This has led to significant family-based immigration, particularly from countries with existing diaspora communities.
What role does family reunification play in U.S. immigration?
A situation in game theory where one participant's gain is exactly balanced by another participant's loss. In other words, the total amount of resources or benefits available is fixed, so any advantage gained by one player results in an equal disadvantage for another.
What is Zero-sum Games?
Many people are simply unaware of the privileges they hold. For instance, someone might not realize that their accent, appearance, or social networks afford them opportunities that others might lack.
What is Lack of Awareness?
System of state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the United States from the late 19th century until 1965. The laws were named after a Black minstrel show character and were a form of racial apartheid.
What are Jim Crow laws?
Purpose: Lowered the voting age to 18 years.
Significance: This amendment responded to arguments that those old enough to be drafted for military service should also have the right to vote. It expanded democratic participation by ensuring that younger citizens could engage in the electoral process.
What is the 26th Amendment (1971)?
Immigrants contribute to the economy by filling labor shortages, starting businesses, and paying taxes. Studies generally show that immigration has a net positive effect on economic growth.
How does immigration impact the U.S. economy?
Conducted in 1954 by social psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues, is a seminal study in understanding intergroup conflict and cooperation.
What is The Robbers Cave Experiment?
Acknowledging privilege can create discomfort. People may struggle with the idea that they have benefited from systemic advantages while others have not, which can lead to defensiveness or denial.
What is Cognitive Dissonance?