Ch1: Intro
Define lifespan development.
Study of human growth, change, and stability across life
Name the three stages of prenatal development.
Germinal, embryonic, fetal
At what age do infants typically begin to crawl?
Around 7–10 months
What is the primary emotional bond between infant and caregiver called?
Attachment
What Piaget stage (ages 2–7) involves symbolic thinking?
Preoperational stage
Name one domain of development.
Physical, cognitive, social/emotional
Give an example of a teratogen.
Alcohol, drugs, infections
What is the difference between fine and gross motor skills?
Fine = small movements, Gross = large movements
Name one attachment style identified by Mary Ainsworth.
Secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganized
Why is play important for social development?
Encourages problem-solving, cooperation, social skills
What is a normative age-graded influence?
Influences typical for a particular age (e.g., puberty)
Average gestation period for humans?
About 40 weeks
Name a reflex present at birth.
Rooting, Moro, grasping
Milestones of emotional development in the first year?
Smiling, stranger anxiety, attachment behaviors
What is theory of mind and when does it develop?
Understanding others’ thoughts/feelings, ~4–5 years
What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous development?
Continuous = gradual, Discontinuous = stage-like
During which period is the brain most sensitive to environmental influences?
Critical period
Piaget’s sensorimotor stage milestone?
Object permanence
Define temperament.
Individual differences in emotional reactivity
Describe scaffolding (Vygotsky).
Support provided to help a child reach next level of learning
Name a major theory of development.
Erikson, Piaget, Vygotsky, Freud
Risk factor affecting prenatal development?
Maternal illness, malnutrition, substance use
Milestone in motor development around 12 months?
Walking independently
What is stranger anxiety?
Fear of unfamiliar people
Importance of language development in early childhood?
Supports communication, socialization, cognitive growth