Human Breath
This is the physical process of inhaling and exhaling, which is different from the chemical process of cellular respiration
What is breathing?
These two specialized tissues make up the vascular bundles responsible for transport within the stem
What are xylem and phloem?
Unlike this substance, which is a mixture of materials, a mineral has a constant chemical composition and a geometric crystal structure
What is a rock?
This term describes the constant process of change between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock forms
What is the rock cycle?
From the Latin word for "fire," these rocks are formed when molten magma or lava cools and solidifies
What are igneous rocks?
This dome-shaped muscle at the base of the chest contracts and pulls down to draw air into the lungs
What is the diaphragm?
These tiny pores, usually found on the underside of leaves, control the entry and exit of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide
What are stomata?
Rocks are formed and reformed in this solid outer layer of the Earth, which consists of the crust and the uppermost mantle
What is the lithosphere?
This process involves breaking down rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical makeup
What is physical weathering?
These types of igneous rocks have larger crystals because the magma cools much slower deep underground
What are intrusive (or plutonic) rocks?
These tiny, one-cell-thick sacs are the primary site of gas exchange between the lungs and the bloodstream
What are alveoli?
This term describes the loss of water vapour through a plant's leaves
What is transpiration?
This element is the most abundant in Earth’s mass, making up approximately 35% of the planet
What is iron?
While weathering breaks rock down, this process is specifically the transport or movement of those fragments to a new location
What is erosion?
Mould, cast, imprint, true form, and indirect (or trace) are the five common types of these preserved remains
What are fossils?
These hair-like structures in the trachea move in a coordinated motion to clear mucus and foreign particles from the airway
What are cilia?
In the context of "capillarity," this is the force that occurs when water molecules are attracted to the walls of the xylem
What is adhesion?
James Hutton, the father of modern geology, first suggested this idea that the Earth is billions of years old
What is "deep time"?
While the energy for igneous and metamorphic rock comes from Earth's internal heat, the energy for sedimentary rock formation comes from this source
What is the Sun?
Metamorphic rocks are created through this process, where heat and pressure cause crystals to change shape and size without melting
What is recrystallisation?
During exercise, the body increases its breathing rate and depth to prevent the blood from becoming too much of this
What is acidic?
In the study of analogous structures, this vertebrate organ is the functional equivalent of a plant's leaf
What is the lung?
Though both are made entirely of carbon atoms, these two minerals have different properties because of how their atoms are arranged
What are diamond and graphite?
This specific type of physical weathering occurs when water enters cracks in rocks, freezes, and expands to widen the gap
What is freeze-thaw action?
This term describes metamorphic rocks that have a layered or banded appearance due to the realigned crystals
What is foliated?