Intro & Theories
This is defined as systematic changes and continuities in an individual that occur between conception and death.
What is development?
These are the possible variants of a particular gene.
What is an allele?
This bodily system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
What is the endocrine system?
The condition characterised by loss of minerals in bones, making them fragile and easily fractured
What is osteoporosis?
Vygotsky emphasised this perspective on cognitive development, highlighting the role of culture and society
What is sociocultural theory?
An index of the extent to which one variable is systematically related to another, ranging from +1.0 to -1.0
What is a correlation coefficient?
This type of inheritance involves traits influenced by multiple genes
What is polygenic inheritance?
The growth principle where development proceeds from the head downward toward the tail.
What is cephalocaudal?
This is the most common type of dementia.
What is Alzheimer's disease?
Piaget's term for mental structures that develop through exploration and interaction with the environment
What are schemas/schemata?
In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, this is the immediate environment where a child directly interacts with people and objects
What is the microsystem?
The process in which a cell duplicates itself to produce two genetically identical cells with the full complement of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
What is mitosis?
This term describes the formation of synapses, or connections, between neurons
What is synaptogenesis?
This process involves axons becoming encased in a fatty sheath that speeds transmission between neurons.
What is myelination?
The belief that an object remains the same despite changes in the sensations it sends to the eye
What is object permanence?
Skinner's theory of this type of conditioning focuses on how behaviour is strengthened or weakened by consequences
What is operant?
The genetic complement of a person, such as having a recessive gene for colour blindness
What is a genotype?
This reflex causes babies to throw their arms outward, arch their back, then bring the arms toward each other.
What is the Moro reflex?
What is vascular dementia?
Piaget's term for a child's confusion of their own perspective with that of another's.
What is egocentrism?
Language development differing across cultures due to unique social practices, reflects this developmental issue
What is universality vs context-specificity?
The extent to which variation in a trait can be accounted for by genes, ranging from 0 to 1.0
What is the heritability coefficient?
This perspective on motor development proposes that more sophisticated patterns of motor behaviour emerge over time by adapting motor responses through sensory feedback
What is dynamic systems theory?
A period of increased production of adrenal hormones, starting around 6–8 years of age, that normally precedes increased production of gonadal hormones associated with puberty
What is adrenarche?
The adolescent belief that their life embodies a special, unique story that no one else understands.
What is the personal fable?