Before confederation
Before Europeans arrived, what were Indigenous societies like?
Indigenous Peoples had complex societies, governments, cultures and extensive trade networks.
What does Confederation mean?
The joining of colonies to form the Dominion of Canada in 1867.
Which conference in 1864 is often considered the beginning of the Confederation movement?
The Charlottetown Conference.
What is Responsible Government?
A system in which the government must have the support of elected representatives in the assembly to remain in power.
Which company owned Rupert's Land before it was sold to Canada?
The Hudson's Bay Company.
Along which major river was New France mainly located?
The St. Lawrence River.
What was political deadlock?
A situation in which political disagreements made it difficult for the government to pass laws and make decisions.
What was the main purpose of the Quebec Conference in 1864?
To develop a detailed plan for Confederation.
Which Father of Confederation strongly supported Representation by Population?
George Brown.
Why did many Métis oppose Canada's takeover of Rupert's Land?
They feared losing their land, rights, culture and political influence.
What treaty in 1763 gave Britain control of New France?
The Treaty of Paris (1763), following the Seven Years' War.
What did Representation by Population mean?
Political representation based on the size of a region's population.
What were the 72 Resolutions?
A set of proposals developed at the Quebec Conference that formed the basis of the Confederation agreement.
Which Father of Confederation supported Confederation to help protect French Canadian language, culture and political rights?
George-Étienne Cartier.
Which law created Manitoba in 1870?
The Manitoba Act.
Why did the Rebellions of 1837–38 occur?
Many reformers wanted greater democracy, political reform and a government accountable to elected representatives.
Why did Canada East worry about Representation by Population?
Canada East feared that Canada West's larger population would give it more representatives and reduce French Canadians' political influence.
What was the name of the law that created the Dominion of Canada in 1867?
The British North America Act (BNA Act), 1867.
Who led the Red River Resistance?
Louis Riel, a Métis leader.
What major promise encouraged British Columbia to join Confederation in 1871?
The promise to build a transcontinental railway connecting British Columbia to the rest of Canada.
What was one important contribution of Indigenous Peoples before European arrival?
They developed trade networks, governments, agricultural practices and diverse societies long before Europeans arrived.
Name THREE reasons leaders supported Confederation.
Any three of the following: ending political deadlock, improving defence, expanding trade, creating a larger internal market, building railways, improving political stability or encouraging economic growth.
Name all FOUR original provinces that joined Confederation in 1867.
Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
What is a federal system, and how does it divide power?
A federal system divides powers between the federal government and provincial governments. For example, the federal government handles national defence, while provinces are primarily responsible for education.
Why did Prince Edward Island join Confederation in 1873?
Financial concerns, including railway debt, and the prospect of federal support helped encourage PEI to join.