Byzantine Empire
What lead to the middle ages?
Fall of Rome
The ruler who built an empire the greatest since Rome and spread Christianity
Charlemagne
What was a serf?
A peasant that was tied to the land
What were the Crusades?
Series of holy wars
Vernacular
What church emerged when it separated from the Roman Catholic church?
Eastern Orthodox Church
Who brought Christianity to the Franks?
Clovis
What was the code of honor that knights had to follow?
Who did the Christians fight to regain the holy land?
Muslims for Jerusalem and the holy land
The hundred year war was a war between?
England and France (over territory)
What is Justinian known for?
Justinian code-a unified code of laws
Where did most of the education come from during the Middle Ages?
The church
What was the piece of land that was granted to the lord called?
Fief
What did the Pope say would happen to people who volunteered to fight in Crusades?
Access to heaven
The black plague killed how much of the population?
1/3 of the population
What is the Byzantine empire known for preserving?
Greek and Roman culture and education
What battle made Charles Martel a Christian hero?
Battle of Tours, defeating Muslims
What type of government is feudalism?
A decentralized government where lords have control of their manors and land
What are three effects of the Crusades?
-Trade expanded
-Bitterness between Muslims and Christians
-Increased power of kings
The document that granted political rights to all citizens in England
What happened to the Byzantine empire after Justinian died?
Crumbled because of invasions and fell to Ottoman Turks
What type of government arose when Charlemagne's sons divided the empire?
Feudalism
What happens to Henry IV when he orders Pope Gregory to step down?
He is excommunicated and has to beg for forgiveness.
Who was the leader of the Christians during the 3rd crusade?
Richard the Lion Hearted
How did the Black Plague travel across Europe?
Fleas on rats coming on ships and spreading