Important People
This pope called for the First Crusade in 1095
Who is Urban II?
A series of wars fought to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
What are the Crusades?
A political system where land was exchanged for loyalty and service.
What is feudalism?
Official exclusion from the Church and its sacraments.
What is excommunication?
Nomadic tribes that invaded the Roman Empire and contributed to the fall of Rome.
Who are the Germanic Tribes?
She led French forces during the Hundred Years' War and claimed divine guidance.
Who is Joan of Arc?
A deadly epidemic that wiped out millions in Europe during the 1300s.
What is the Black Death? (or the Plague, or Bubonic Plague)
The Church tax amounting to 10% of a person's income.
What is a tithe?
A Church court established to investigate and punish heresy
What is the Inquisition?
Muslims from North Africa who ruled parts of Spain.
Who are the Moors?
This pope crowned Charlemagne as emperor
Who is Pope Leo III?
The document signed in 1215 that limited the power of the English king.
What is the Magna Carta?
The piece of land granted to a vassal in return for loyalty and service.
What is a fief?
People whose beliefs went against Church teachings.
What are heretics?
Bound peasants who worked the land and were tied to the manor.
Who are serfs?
He was the first king of the Franks to unite all Frankish tribes and convert to Christianity
Who is Clovis?
A major battle in 732 CE where Charles Martel stopped the Muslim advance into Europe.
What is the Battle of Tours?
The Church’s system of laws and courts
What is Canon Law?
The right of kings to appoint bishops, leading to conflict with the Pope.
What is lay investiture?
The tribe that became the foundation for modern France.
Who are the Franks?
Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" in 800 CE, he united much of Western Europe.
Who is Charlemagne?
The effort by Christian kingdoms to reclaim Spain from Muslim rule.
What is the Reconquista?
The economic system where peasants worked the lord’s land in exchange for protection.
What is the manor system?
The 1122 agreement that settled the conflict over lay investiture.
What is the Concordat of Worms?
A set of rules that guided monastic life, emphasizing obedience and community.
What is the Benedictine Rule?