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What event is most commonly considered the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe?
End of Roman Empire
What was the main cause behind the development of feudalism after the fall of Rome?
Central governments lacked power
In the feudal system, what did lords provide to vassals in exchange for their loyalty and service?
Land
How did the status of serfs differ from that of enslaved people in medieval society?
Serfs could not be bought or sold
In what ways did feudalism and the manorial system depend on each other?
Social roles were clear while the other made sure day to day life ran smoothly
What was the primary duty of knights during the Middle Ages?
Giving military service
Why was the code of chivalry important to medieval society?
Loyalty, honor, and protection of others were valued
How did coats of arms help knights during battles?
It helped knights be easy to recognize
What factors allowed the Catholic Church to hold so much power during the Middle Ages?
People thought the church would bring them to salvation/heaven
How did the threat of excommunication strengthen the Church’s control?
It threatened a person’s religious power
What was the purpose of the Crusades?
To control the Holy Land
What reasons encouraged many Europeans to take part in the Crusades?
Religion, adventure, wealth/land
What was one long-term effect of the Crusades on Europe?
Increase of trade and cultural diffusion
How did the Crusades gradually change power structures in Europe?
Kings got more power, church less
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
Limit kings' power
What significance does the Magna Carta have today? What does it want leaders to do?
Obey the law as well
Why did the Black Death spread so fast?
Poor hygiene and trade
How did the Black Death change Europe's society?
The Feudal System weakened
Why did the Church lose power after the Black Death?
The Church was not able to stop or explain the disease, people lost faith
What caused the 100 Years War?
Control of land and French throne
How did the 100 years war change warfare?
New weapons! Kings weren't as important
What did Joan of Arc do?
Inspired the French during the 100 Years War
What did Joan of Arc symbolize?
Hope
How were the Middle Ages a transition period?
Europe went from being the Roman Empire to being made up of Nation-States
Towns offered more freedom and opportunity