Feudal System
What did kings give nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service?
Fiefs (land)
The manor was the _____and ___ center of medieval life.
Economic and social
This ship could sail against the wind.
Caravel
The Triangular Trade connected what three regions?
Europe, Africa, and the Americas
A ranked system of power in society.
Hierarchy
Which group in the feudal hierarchy provided protection and military service?
Knights / Vassals
Why were medieval manors mostly self-sufficient?
Travel/trade were unsafe; everything needed was produced on-site.
This tool measured the position of stars to find location at sea.
Astrolabe
The Middle Passage transported what group of people?
Enslaved Africans
A person who pledges loyalty and service to a lord.
Vassal
Serfs were different from peasants because serfs were ________.
Bound to the land / could not leave without permission
What was a tithe, and who did it go to?
A 10% crop payment given to the Church.
Who reached the Americas in 1492 while trying to find a route to Asia?
Christopher Columbus
Name one item from the Old World → New World in the Columbian Exchange.
Horses, cattle, wheat, sugar, etc.
The belief that colonies exist to benefit the mother country.
Mercantilism
Explain one way feudalism created stability and one way it was unfair.
Stability: clear roles, protection, structure. Unfair: no mobility, serfdom, unequal power.
Name two responsibilities peasants or serfs had to the lord.
Worked land, harvested crops, repaired buildings, paid tithes, provided labor.
Who opened a navigation school and encouraged exploration along Africa’s coast?
Prince Henry the Navigator
Name one item from the New World → Old World.
Potatoes, corn, tomatoes, chocolate, etc.
Land granted by a lord in exchange for loyalty.
Fief
Why did feudalism develop after the fall of the Roman Empire?
People needed safety, order, and protection in a time of chaos and invasions.
Describe how manorialism supported feudalism.
Manorialism provided food, labor, and economic stability that allowed feudal obligations to function.
Whose crew completed the first voyage around the world (even though he didn’t survive because… well… he got eaten)?
Ferdinand Magellan
Explain one positive and one negative impact of the Columbian Exchange.
Positive: better diets, new foods, population growth.
Negative: disease devastation, forced migration, slavery.
The name for the lord’s estate, including farmland and villages.
Manor