People
Who is the successor/son of Pepin the Short?
Charlemagne
Who provided land and protection?
the king
What Pope insisted on clerical celibacy and moved to eliminate simony & lay investiture?
Pope Gregory VII
During which time: Hope for freedom, rebirth
during persecution
During this time what advances were made in teaching?
philosophy, science, and literature
Who ignored Pope Gregory, was excommunicated, then begged to be pardoned?
Henry IV
Who farms the land & pays rent?
the peasants
Pope Gregory firmly help that because the Church was founded by Christ, she was above all what?
human societies
During which time: protector & political authority
middle ages
What is the method of question, response, rebuttal, and response that advanced learning?
Scholasticism
Who wanted the papacy to be able to control the secular powers of Christian Europe?
Pope Innocent III
the knights
What reforms inspired a series of popes in the following decades to fight to free the Church from secular control?
cluny reforms
During which time: beauty & vessel for bringing God's light into the world
renaissance
What is another word for "Mendicant" orders
"begging" orders
Who faces opposing secular leaders who wanted to assert control over the Church and taxed clergy members?
Pope Boniface VII
Who oversees knights and peasants?
Only which person could make new laws, remove emperors, and call councils?
the Pope
During which time: evangelizer, missionary, and protect against abuses
exploration
True
King Phillip
What group of people is at the top of the pyramid?
monarchs
secrecy of confessional
requirement of annual confessions
definition of transubstantiation
emphasis on Eucharistic devotion
number of sacraments fixed at 7
True/False: Throughout the time periods there were no abuses by clergy and members of the Church. The Church is human. But the Church is also divine.
False
What plague was brought by bacteria from fleas carried on rats from ships, that spread by trade routes from Asia to Europe?
Bubonic Plague