Early Middle Ages & Feudalism
What was the ethical and moral code followed by medieval knights?
Chivalry
Which Pope delivered a speech at the Council of Clermont in 1095 calling for the First Crusade?
Pope Urban II
What bacterium causes the Bubonic Plague, or Black Death?
Yersinia pestis
Which Italian city is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Florence
What device invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1453 accelerated the spread of Renaissance and Reformation ideas?
The moveable-type printing press
Who established the Holy Roman Empire and was crowned Emperor by the Pope in 800 A.D.?
Charlemagne
What is the 10% income tax that citizens were required to pay to the Church during the Middle Ages?
A tithe
Approximately what fraction of Europe's population died as a result of the Black Death?
One-third (1/3)
Which wealthy Italian banking family used their wealth to patronize art in Florence?
The Medici family
What list of arguments against Church practices was nailed to the Wittenberg church door by Martin Luther in 1517?
The Ninety-Five Theses
What economic system operated on the lord's self-sufficient estate during the Middle Ages?
Manorialism
What term refers to the practice of charging interest on loans, which was forbidden by the Medieval Catholic Church?
Usury
In what Country port city did the Black Death first hit Europe in 1347 CE?
Italy
Who is considered the "Father of Humanism" and developed an Italian sonnet form?
Petrarch
What concept did Martin Luther develop stating that salvation is achieved solely through faith in God?
Justification by Faith
What treaty divided the Holy Roman Empire into three pieces in 843 A.D.?
The Treaty of Verdun
Which two leaders signed the Treaty of Jaffa ending the Third Crusade?
Saladin and King Richard the Lionheart
Where was education primarily centered during the Early Middle Ages before the rise of European universities?
Among the Church clergy / inside monasteries
Which two famous Renaissance masterpieces were painted by Leonardo da Vinci?
The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
What Polish astronomer proposed the heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
What term describes land granted by a king or lord to a noble in exchange for loyalty and military service?
A fief
What is the term for the medieval legal code used by the Catholic Church to regulate practices and behavior?
Canon Law
How is the Bubonic Plague treated today if you were to be infected?
Antibiotics
What political philosopher wrote The Prince, arguing that "the ends justify the means"?
Niccolò Machiavelli
At what 1521 meeting was Martin Luther asked to recant his teachings before being excommunicated?
The Diet of Worms