People
Inventor of the Printing Press
Johann Gutenberg
Increases trade between Europe and the Middle East
The Crusades
Where the Renaissance began
Italy (Florence)
The unifying force of the Middle Ages
The church
Worldly, without a religious nature
Secular
Broke from the catholic church because of his belief in predestination
John Calvin
Created a shortage of workers
The Black death (plague)
The definition of Renaissance
Rebirth
An estate granted to a vassal by a lord
Fief
The movement that drove the renaissance, focuses on individuals and secular studies
Humanism
Created the Anglican church because of the catholic church's rule on divorces
Henry VIII
Martin Luther saw the use of these and decided to break from the catholic churc
Indulgences
Written complaints of the the Catholic church, nailed to the castle church
95 theses
A self sufficient community of the Middle Ages
Manor
A pardon, releasing a person from punishment due for a sin
Indgulgence
Renaissance writer that stressed that a leader needs to be firm and feared
Niccolo Machiavelli
Created a decline in religious unity
Leader of the Reformation
Martin Luther
The land management system and social order of the middle ages
Feudalism
Support and encouragement, particularly of the arts
Patronage
Frankish king that united an empire, the largest since Rome
Charlemagne
Increasing wealth gained from trade with Constantinople caused this time period
The renaissance
Family that ruled Florence Italy through their use of patronage and their extreme wealth
The Medici's
Pope Urban II
The everyday language of people in a region or a country
Vernacular