Early Middle Ages
Feudalism
Growth of Towns and Cities
Crusades and Christianity
End of the Middle Ages
100

Why is this time period called the middle ages?

The middle times between ancient and modern 

100

Who held the most power in the feudal system?

Kings and Lords (land owners)

100

What shape is Europe? How did this contribute to an increase in trade?

Peninsula surrounded by water

100

What does Crusade mean? What religions were at war during the Crusades?

"holy war"

Christian church and muslim Turks in the middle east

100

What was the black death caused by?

Bubonic plague bacteria on fleas which lives on rats

200

Which barbarian tribe was Charlemagne the leader of?

The Franks (first French/Germans)

200

Describe the role of the vassal in feudal society

Lives on and rules over the piece of land for their lord. Repays the lord with military service in war time. 

Allows knights and peasants to live on land. 

200

How did England and Ireland's geography help them to become a booming trade center?

Surrounded by water helps to protect them and promote trade

200

What was the Concordat of Worms? How did it change the balance of church and state?

An agreement between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope that declared the church could decide its own leaders.

This made the church and government separate and increased the independent power of the church

200

How did the surge in trade during the middle ages contribute to the outbreak of the world wide plague?

More trade meant more ships/people traveling around the world. This made is easier for diseases and rats to make their way from Asia and into Europe

300

After Charlemagne's empire fell, which Scandinavians invaded Europe?

Vikings

300

What code of conduct did knights follow that included how they should act and behave?

Code of Chivalry

300

What is a guild? Give an example

An organization of workers who set standards, prices, wages etc.

Ex: blacksmiths, shoe makers, weavers, etc.

300

What was the Magna Carta?

How did it change the balance of power between Church/State?

the first ever Bill of Rights in England/Europe.

Was a big step in outlining the responsibilities of the government/people and separating church from the go government. 

300

How did the plague contribute to the decline in feudalism?

Less people (vassals and peasants) brought an end to the system and it collapsed

There was a need for a more centralized government that would govern during a crisis. 

400

This was one of the first ever early European empires. It was founded by Duke Otto I after the Pope gave him lands that unified Italy and Germany into one country

Holy Roman Empire

400

Why did feudalism come out? What was it in response to?

Viking invasions. People needed protection when there was no national law/army/central ruling authority. Local lords and vassals provided structure and protection

400

Why did people first start using money (coins) during the middle ages rather than just bartering. 

More goods were made and people traded a lot more. It was easier to exchange money instead of trading goods for goods. 
400

What was the difference between gothic and roman architecture? 

Roman was simple with stone square buildings and small windows.

Gothic was tall and delicate with stained glass and flying buttresses. 

400

How did the Hundred Years War (long war between France and England) during the middle ages bring an end to feudalism?

First really big war between England and France. Feudalism made it hard to keep fighting as their was a shortage of knights and vassals over time.

Exposed the need for a standing military and central ruling king/queen to lead wars - not just local lords. 

500

What does the word "medieval" mean?

Middle

500

What was peasant life like? What role did they play within feudalism?

Work the land and live on the land. Called serfs when they are bound to a certain piece of land and must work to live.

Life was simple and involved working most days, going to church, etc. 

500

How did the invention of the plow contribute to farming development and the boom in trade?

crops could be plowed easier using horses and more food could be bought and via trade

500

What was heresy? What would the church do to punish heretics? 

heresy is going against the church teachings or speaking out against the church.


Heretics were punished by being killed, imprisoned, or exiled

500

How did the black plague change the way that people thought about the Church?

They felt like the church abandoned them and didn't help during the crisis. Church people lived a luxurious wealthy  life while most poor Europeans died in the country side and local towns and villages