Middle ages review

Conflicts

100

The reality of battles were that they were?

Very violent and gory, characterized by hand to hand combat. Epics and troubadours often glamorized them, but they were not as clean as often portrayed. 

200

The Battle of Tours

Charlemagne worked to stop islamic invasions into Europe. This is important as it allowed christianity to take hold in Europe.

300

Viking invasions (Success and Vikings?)

The vikings were so successful in their invasions since they attacked quickly in boats that could carry many people, and they could pop up anywhere on the water surrounded continent. Their boats could travel in rivers as well as the ocean. Finally, they attacked monasteries which weren't very violent. Vikings were Scandinavian warriors. 

400

Walk to Canossa and Lay investiture and concordat of worms.

King henry wrote an angry letter to pope Gregory basically saying that he shouldn't be one over the conflict of lay investiture since he though he should be able to appoint church officials. Henry expected all bishops to side with him, but they didn't. The pope excommunicated him, so he stood and prayed for forgiveness for 3 days outside of Canossa. After he asked for penance, the Concordat of Worms eventually happened, basically saying that only church people could appoint officials while the king retained the power to veto their appointments. 

500

Friedrich

This guy picked so many fights with italians that he managed to get the pope angry. The pope and the italians formed the lombard league and fought Friedrich at the battle of Legnano. The pope won which was significant since it was the first time that foot-soldiers defeated cavalry.  

Knights

100

Troubadors/ Epics

Troubadors these poet musicians that often wrote about knights and chivalry. They often glamorized conflicts and wrote about a knight having to choose between his lady, god, and his lord. Epics were long poems, often sung about knights or ladies, or chivalry.

200

Training

Knights started off as a page at the age of 7. They trained at some other lord's estate for a while, getting taught base techniques, manners, sword fighting, etc. By the age of 14 they served a knight as a squire. They would take care of that knights possessions, horse, if a knight lost his sword mid battle a squire would go to get it. By the age of 21 knights were generally appointed by their lord as full knights and would pledge their loyalty. 

300

Military tactics

Knights would lay siege to castles, either attacking an entire manor or starving them out. To do this, they would use things like trebuchets to launch flaming rocks, deceased enemies or soldiers over castle walls. They also had siege towers that they could use to get over castle walls that were often protected from archers. They would study the opposing companies castle and use battering rams on places where it wasn't structurally sound. 

400

How did Chivalry(and the church) impact the view of woman? And how did that change over time?

Chivalry put woman up on the pedestal, seen as damsels in distress to be saved. The church viewed them as unimportant, meant to be kept in the house. Overall, they were seen as weak. While noble woman were able to take over an estate if the lord was out, over time, their power faded. 

500

Describe the social and cultural impact of the “Age of Chivalry.”

People followed the code of conduct, and payed attention to unwritten rules. If a knight broke the code of chivalry, then they would be stripped of their position, and humiliated. Knights would generally break the code though and got ignored by everyone, since they would treat commoners badly. Some of their rules were to follow the church, follow their lord, defend the weak, don't retreat. It shaped social expectations, brought about troubadours, and created a way for knights to behave.  

Church

100

Influence

The church had influence over everyone's souls. I bet if someone had power of your soul, you'd obey them too, huh?

200

Power

The church could excommunicate or interdict anyone, basically using their influence over your soul and putting your soul in danger/ making sure you don't go to heaven. Owned a lot of land, and had Canon Law

300

Structure

Pope

Cardinals

Archbishops

Bishops

Priests

Can Level up

400

Sacraments

Rituals that every christian experiences. It served both to unite people. Some examples are matrimony, baptism, confirmation, communion.

500

What roles did monasteries serve?

They provided a space for education. They copied down literature and knowledge. They wrote new books. They provided a space for monks to practice christianity, and hospitality.

The isms

100

What did the pyramid look like?

King

Greater lords

Lesser lords

knights/vassels

freemen

serfs

can't move up and down easily

200

What led to the implementation of Feudalism?

The attacks on all sides from the Vikings, Maygars, and Muslims.

300

Manoralism

Its the self sufficient system where the peasants farm and do peasant things, and pay their tithe's to the church. Manorialism was important since the manors were often isolated and people wouldn't travel very far. They would live off of their own farming and water, and being self-sufficient would help if under a siege. 

400

What was on a manor?

There typically was a church, houses for peasants and smaller ones for serfs. The church had a tithe bar by it. There were sometimes mills, along with blacksmiths, and since manors were self sufficient, they would have both fallow fields as well as sowed ones, which would change depending on the different seasons. 

500

What were a peasants obligations

They farmed and did christianity and paid their tithes

Emperors and Misc

100

Charlemagne

This was guy numero dos. He forced everyone to be christian, saved learning, and hugely expanded the territory of the empire. 

200

Clovis

This was the first guy that was the leader of the franks and converted to christianity. 

300

Friedrich Barbarossa

He managed to make the Italians and the pope upset and then after they formed Lombard league and then he got beat by foot soldiers at the battle of Legnano, and that was important since it was the first time that Calvary got beat by foot soldiers. 

400

Henry

He was the one that wrote a letter to the pope Gregory and then go excommunicated and then he prayed outside of canossa for 3 days and then the concordat of worms happened eventually. 

500

Otto I

He was the first one to call it the holy roman empire and made friends with the pope.