Byzantine
What is the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
What is Constantinople
Who is the most powerful person in the Catholic Church
Who is the Pope
What is the "Holy City" that the Crusades were fought over?
What is Jerusalem
What was the cause of the black death
What is bacterial disease found in rats/fleas
What marks the start of the middle ages
What is the fall of Rome
What emperor moved their capital to Byzantium and what empire was he in charge of
What is Constantine and the Roman Empire
Who is the last great prophet of the Islamic religion and where does Islam begin in?
Who is Muhammad What is Mecca
What does the word Crusade mean? Who was the pope that called for the first Crusade?
What is "take up the cross" and Pope Urban II
Which religious group is falsely accused of starting the plague in Europe
Who is the Jews
What are three traits of life during the middle ages
What is loss of centralized power, rise in feudalism, loss of culture, loss of education, increased power of the catholic church, life is very difficult
Who is the greatest emperor of the empire? What was his wife's name?
Who is Justinian I and Theodora
What are three ways the Catholic Church maintained its power during the middle ages in Europe?
What is controlled education system, services held in Latin, curb heresies, tithing 1/10 (tax to church), owned 1/3 of land in Europe
What are the three religions that claimed the "Holy City" as theirs?
What is Judaism, Christianity (Catholics), Islam
What is the fraction of Europe's population that died because of the plague
What is anywhere from 1/3rd - 2/3 of the population
Explain feudalism (definition)
What is a political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service Kings divided lands amongst lesser lords, lesser lords provide military service or worked the land in exchange for the land they were given and protection
What is now the PRESENT DAY city of the old Byzantine Capital and what is its most prominent architectural structure
What is Istanbul and the Hagia Sophia (Church of Holy Wisdom)
What are the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church
What is baptism, confirmation, eucharist, penance and reconciliation, anointing of the sick, holy orders, matrimony
Who were the two sides involved? What was the result of the first three crusades? How many crusades were there in total
What is Christians vs. Muslims. Christians won the first one, Muslims won the next two. 9 total crusades
What did the Catholic Church say was the cause of the plague? Who are flagellants?
What is people were living sinful lives? Individuals who would publically whip themselves to show remorse for their sins.
What are three developments that occur in the late middle ages
What is there is more food due to temp. increase, agricultural improvements are introduced (curved metal plow, three field systems), development of towns, development of middle class, technological advances (windmill, water wheel)
Justinian I had three major accomplishments... what were they?
What is expanding the empire to its peak, codifying / preserving roman law, and constructing the Hagia Sophia
What are the five Pillars of Islam (must be specific)
What is 1. Profession of Faith: there is no go other god, but Allah 2. Charity: 2.5% of assets yearly 3. Daily Prayer: 5 times a day 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
What are six effects on Europe after the Crusades
What is kings got stronger, feudalism began breaking up, power of church decreases, Europe exposed to new ideas (science/technology), Greek and Roman works reintroduced, Eastern goods demanded, trade increases, economy got better
What are three major effects of the Black Death
What is peasants begin to get paid more for their services, people lost faith in the catholic church, and people began to practice better sanitation habits
Explain the steps of the creativity spiral
What is external element brings more food, food brings more population, more population brings diversity, more diversity brings creativity, creativity brings progress