Physical Development
What physical change allows children in middle childhood to engage in longer, sustained periods of strenuous play?
Increased lung capacity in middle childhood allows for greater endurance and prolonged play.
Which of the following statements is representative of Piaget’s stage concrete operational thought a child might perform in middle childhood?
A)The child will begin to engage in hypothetical thought, imagining intangible possibilities.
B) The child is able to demonstrate an understanding of cause and effect, as well as size and distance.
C) The child will start to solve problems using deductive reasoning.
B)
These are tangible principles of using operations in the physical world, indicators of concrete operational thought.
Name 4 of Gardner's multiple intelligences
Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic.
Is playing e-sports an efficient form of exercise for childhood development?
No. The Lally & French-Valentine (2017) label the accepted belief that e-sports is equivalent to general exercise as a "disturbing trend."
Leah, age 8, is teased at school for being overweight and she’s self-conscious about her body image. How can Leah’s parents best support her in losing weight?
A) Packing her lunch, so she does not eat unhealthy school lunches.
B) Joining her on a calorie-restrictive diet plan.
C) Purchasing cute “goal” clothing she can fit into if she loses weight to incentivize weight loss.
D) Encouraging physical play and joining her in increasing physical activity.
D)
The best way for an overweight child to lose extra weight is by increasing physical activity. Parents can set a good example by modeling healthy lifestyles and engaging their children in fun, physical family activities.
How many brain growth spurts occur during middle/late childhood?
2 growth spurts.
One between the ages of 6 and 8 where their fine motor skills expand and between the ages of 10 and 12 where their frontal lobes become more developed.
By the end of middle/late childhood, about how many words do children know?
40,000
What are the three major components of the Triarchic theory of intelligence
•Analytical: Academic problem solving and performing calculations
•Creative intelligence: Ability to adapt to new situations and create new ideas
•Practical intelligence: Ability to demonstrate common sense and street-smarts
What are some reasons that children tend to drop sports? Please name 3.
I was not having fun
I wanted to focus more on studying and grades
I had a health problem or injury
I wanted to focus more on other clubs or activities
I did not like or get along with the coach
I did not like or get along with others on the team
I was not a good enough player
My family worried about me getting hurt or injured while playing sports
Jill, who is in third grade, is studying her multiplication times tables, repeating the information over and over again in an attempt to store these figures in her long term memory, quizzing herself regularly. What memory strategy is Jill using?
Rehearsal.
Effective rehearsal can help the information move from short-term, or working memory, to long-term memory. Effective rehearsal adds meaning to simple repetition, such as Jill’s self-quizzes.
How many pounds will a child gain each year?
5-7 lbs
School-aged children are able to tell and appreciate jokes like “knock-knock” jokes and puns, thanks to what advancement in language?
Greater sophistication in vocabulary
How is IQ calculated?
IQ=mental age/ chronological age * 100
Currently, this is controversy over whether competition should be included in juvenile sports. How could competition be detrimental to childhood development?
Too early for children, loose the fun and the interest, can become a source of pressure or stress for the child. In many respects, it appears that children's activities are no longer children's activities once adults become involved and approach the games as adults rather than children.
A parents sits down with her child. She tears off two pieces of playdough and rolls them into balls of the same size. He child notices that they are both the same size, then the parent takes one of the balls and stretches it out with her hands. She asks her child which of the shapes has more playdough. The child responds that they have the same amount.
What ability is this concrete child displaying?
Identity. The recognition that objects have qualities that do not change even if the object is altered in some way.
What is the concept of oblivobesity?
Oblivobesity defines the growing concern that parents are lacking awareness that their children are overweight or obese.
During the concrete operational thought stage of cognitive development, children learn many skills including the awareness of reversibility. Provide an example of reversibility.
Children learn that some things that have been changed can be returned to their original state
Intelligence tests have been heavily criticized over the years. What are some prominent critiques/concerns about intelligence tests?
Biased.
Does not have proper means to test non-academic types of intelligence.
Are not culturally competent.
How do organized sports help children develop socially?
Social skills
Win/Loose skills
Group/team work
Coordination
Adam spends a lot of time indoors watching television and playing video games for fun. What does this primarily sedentary lifestyle put him at risk for?
Childhood obesity
What are some physical disorders are associated with childhood obesity?
Name at least 2.
Insulin resistance/ pediatric diabetes
Orthopedic/ Muscularskeletal issues
Potential heart issues
Inflammation
What 2 changes in the brain help children speed up their processing skills and filter out irrelevant stimuli?
Myelination and synaptic pruning
What are three important features of intelligence tests?
They have to be...
•Reliable: consistent over time
•Valid: Actually measure intelligence rather than something else
•Standardized: generalizable by age
How do organized sports help children develop cognitively?
Planning
Problem solving
Hand-eye coordination
Ariella is a dancer and a gymnast. She loves moving her body and can always land her flips. Using either Gardner or Sternberg's theories of intelligence, which theory would most fully capture the kind of intelligence Ariela displays, and what is this type of intelligence called?
Gardner's theory of kinesthetic best explains Ariela's type of intelligence.
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences includes a specific type of intelligence called bodily-kinesthetic intelligence that relates to one’s motor coordination, grace of movement, agility, and strength.