Theorists
Name the theorist and cognitive stage of development most children in middle childhood are in.
Who is Piaget and what is the concrete operations stage.
This happens hemispherically in the brain during middle childhood. Please describe.
What is specialization.
The left hemisphere becomes increasingly involved with language and movement whereas the right hemisphere is mainly involved in the analysis of geometrical shapes and elements.
The 3 aspects of kinesthetic perception.
• The relative position of the body parts to each other,
• The position of the body in space
• The awareness of the body’s movements
Name an IADL that emerges in middle childhood.
What is:
•Chores (home & school)
•Money management: allowance, bank account, small jobs
•Phone & internet literacy
•Pet care
This type of play becomes a main source of activity during middle childhood.
What are games with rules?
Name the theorist and stage of psychosocial development most children in middle childhood are in.
Name of the band of fibers uniting the brain hemispheres, and what occurs at this site during middle childhood.
What is myelination of the corpus collosum.
A type of visual perceptual skill that develops extensively during middle childhood to help with reading, writing, and IADLs
What is figure ground perception?
Name an ADL that children are NOT typically independent in by middle childhood.
What is none?
Trick question... ;)
This type of play involves proximity and interaction, but not collaborative/collective engagement amongst children.
What is associative play?
Name the theorist and the three "thrusts" facing children in middle childhood.
Who is Havighurst and what are 1) focus on peer group; 2) focus on physical development; 3) focus on mental maturity into conceptual thinking.
The part of the brain that activates and grows during middle childhood and what benefits result.
The frontal lobes which allows for increased cognitive flexibility.
The three skills that contribute to kinesthetic perception.
○Stereognosis - the recognition of objects by manipulation
○Proprioception - the position of limb and body in space and
○Kinesthesis - the perception of the extent of limb movements
○
Name three "soft skills" needed by middle childhood ages children to be successful in school.
●Organization of self and belongings
●Identity development
●Management of responsibilities, privileges, & course materials
●Exam taking
●Socialization with peers and adults
●Engagement with diverse populations
This type of play involves others, and the players are interested in each other as well as in a collective goal.
What is cooperative play?
The name of the theorist and the stage of psychosexual development experienced in middle childhood.
Who is Freud and what is the latency period.
Name three things that occur physically during middle childhood (gross motor or fine motor).
●Increase in skeletal and muscle mass; muscle strength increases
●Refinement of balance and postural control
●Center of gravity drops
●There is a dramatic increase in ability to precisely calibrate movements
●Finger dexterity improves and bi-lateral coordination is refined
●The Speed and dexterity of movements increases
The type of memory that plays a central role in learning and the four types of this memory.
What is working memory? Types:
●Phonological Loop (which allows for the storage of heard words of phrases and the ability to verbalize them)
●Visual Spatial Processor (The ability to temporarily hold a visual map of objects in space)
●Episodic Buffer (The episodic buffer acts as a 'backup' store which communicates with both long-term memory and the components of working memory)
●Central Executive (is a flexible system responsible for the control and regulation of cognitive processes. It directs focus and targets information, making working memory and long-term memory work together) the central executive is the “boss” of working memory and controls all subsets
The act of building one's sense of identity and evaluating abilities and behaviors by comparing them to others.
What is social referencing?
Name two benefits of play.
What are:
●Autonomy
●Creativity & discovery
●Development of metacognition
●Emotional health
●Language development
●Self-regulation
Name 3 of 4 of the mastered skills that happen during the concrete operational phase.
What are:
● Organization & rational thinking
● Process environmental contexts logically
● Begins to understand physics
• Understands conservation
The ability to time a movement in response to another moving object and an example of this phenomenon.
What is coincidence-anticipation
Used during ball skills, targeting while on a swing, etc.
Name five types of higher level cognitive functioning and describe what they do.
1. Cognitive Monitoring
this involves self-examination of what you are currently doing, what you will do next, and how effectively activity is serving to meet your intended purpose. Cognitive monitoring allows for children to persist in school tasks such as completing an assignment or solving a math problem.
2. Cognitive Maps
these are mental representations within the brain that enhances children to visualize images and enhance recall of information
3. Spatial awareness
This is defined as the process of becoming aware of one’s own body and surrounding objects. This awareness provides cues such as depth and distance which are important for movement and orientation to the environment
4. Body schema
By age 6, children develop a body schema which is a form of spatial awareness that manifests as an internalized sense of the space one’s body occupies and the space immediately surrounding one’s body. The body schema allows children to answer questions such as:
○Will I fit in that box?
○Can I fit through the door without grazing that tree?
5. Temporal awareness
This can be described as the understanding of the passage of time as it relates to planning, sequencing and altering movements.
Temporal awareness gives children a sort of “mental timer” that he or she can use to determine
○How fast to run to catch a ball
○or calculating whether one will have enough time for a snack before catching the bus
The fluid and appropriate use of social skills including humor, reading nonverbal signals, and understanding social conventions.
What is social competence?
Name two aspects of play that may be impaired when a child has a disability.
•May be delayed
•May be immature or atypical
•Restricted by physical access
•More adult assistance
•Less peer interaction
•More adult & media interaction
•More passive activities
•May be less “playful”