Middle School Science Part 2 Review

Cell Biology

100

What are the two main types of cells? 

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

200

What does the cell theory state? 

^{A. Cells are the basic unit of life. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. New cells arise from pre-existing cells.}

^{B. Cells are the basic unit of life. All non-living organisms are composed of one or more cells. New cells arise from pre-existing cells.} 

^{C. Cells are the basic unit of life. Living organisms are not composed of cells. New cells arise from pre-existing cells.} 

^{D. Cells are the basic unit of life. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. New cells can be created and do not arise from pre-existing cells.} 

A. Cells are the basic unit of life. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. New cells arise from pre-existing cells.

300

What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells? 

^{A. The nucleus breaks down molecules in the cell and controls waste.} 

^{B. The nucleus packages and transports proteins in the cell.} 

^{C. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains all of the DNA (or hereditary) information.} 

^{D. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, but does not contain all of the DNA (or hereditary) information.} 

C. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains all of the DNA (or hereditary) information. 

400

What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Some of the differences include: Prokaryotic cells don't have membrane-bound organelles, whereas the eukaryotic cells do.

Cell division occurs through mitosis in eukaryotic cells, whereas cell division occurs through binary fission in prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells are large in size, whereas prokaryotic cells are small in size.

500

Describe mitosis. 

Mitosis is the process in which cells are replicated. All of the cell's DNA, functions, and genetic codes are duplicated. 

Physiology & Anatomy

100

What are some of the functions of the skeletal system? 

Some of the functions of the skeletal system include: Protection & support

A protective site for specialized tissues

A mineral reservoir

200

What are some of the main functions of the nervous system?

^{A. Sensory, Communicative, Integrative, and Motor functions}

^{B. Blood Circulation, Motor functions, and Sensory}

^{C. Absorbing Oxygen, Blood Circulation, and Motor functions}

^{D. Digestion, Absorption, Communicative, and Integrative}

A. Sensory, Communicative, Integrative, and Motor functions

300

What are joints? 

Joints are places where bones meet. They have many functions including: Providing support and stability, helping to minimize friction, allowing growth, and many more.

400

What is cartilage?

Cartilage is connective tissue that can be seen throughout the body. It has many structural purposes including serving a sort of cushion between our bones to help with impact. Cartilage can be found in our bones, joints, nose, spine, lungs, ears, etc. 

500

What are some of the basic functions of a neuron?

Some of the functions include: Receiving signals or information, integrating incoming signals or deciding if the information should be passed along, and communicating these signals to the target cells

Ecology

100

What is a biotic factor? 

^{A. Nonliving things or physical factors such as dirt, water, minerals, etc.}

^{B. Living organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria, etc.}

B. Living organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria, etc. 

200

What is an abiotic factor? 

^{A. Nonliving things or physical factors such as dirt, water, minerals, etc.}

^{B. Living organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria, etc.}

A. Nonliving things or physical factors such as dirt, water, minerals, etc. 

300

Give an example of a predator and prey interaction in a land environment. 

Some examples may include: 

Coyotes and Rabbits - Coyotes chase down and hunt rabbits

Lions and Zebras - Lion pride's work together to attack larger animals such as zebras. 

Grasshoppers and Leaves - Grasshoppers chew away at leaves and stems of plants.

400

Which are the five levels of ecological organization? 

^{A. Family, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere}

^{B. Organism, family, community, ecosystem, galaxy}

^{C. Organism, family, community, ecosystem, biosphere}

^{D. Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere}

D. Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

500

Explain what a heterotroph is and give an example of one. 

A heterotroph is an organism that eats other organisms to get their food. Some examples may include: Bears, coyotes, foxes, orca whales, etc. 

Weather & Climate

100

True or False? Global warming gradually impacts storm intensity. 

True

200

How is marine life impacted by increase in temperature? 

Marine life is impacted by increase in temperature because when their environment changes, so do their feeding habits and migration patterns. Some examples of this include: Krill populations breed close to sea ice. With the amount of sea ice shrinking, there will be less breeding grounds for krill and therefore the whole marine ecosystem can be thrown off balance. 

Another example of this is coral bleaching. Changes in ocean temperature affect algae photosynthesis and therefore impacts coral populations.

300

Give an example of one of the indicators of climate change. 

Some of the indicators of climate change include: Shrinking ice sheets, sea level rise, glacial retreat, etc.

400

What year was recorded as being the warmest year on record with the months of January to September being the warmest ever in respective to those months?

^{A. 2013}

^{B. 2017}

^{C. 2016}

^{D 2000}

C. 2016

500

How does higher salinity in soil impact crops and farming? 

Higher salinity in soil impacts crops and farming because it impacts the fertility of the soil for crop production. Saltwater flooding on farmlands increases the salinity of the soil and kills most plants. An example of this could be rice. Changes in salinity greatly impact rice farms because rice is especially sensitive to salt. 

Chemistry

100

How are elements organized on the periodic table according to atomic number? 

Left to right

Right to left

Left to right

200

What does the atomic theory state? 

^{A. The atomic theory states that atoms are the smallest unit of matter and can be divided using chemical methods.} 

^{B. The atomic theory states that atoms are the smallest unit of matter and cannot be divided using any chemical method.} 

^{C. The atomic theory states that atoms are the largest unit of matter and cannot be dividing using any chemical method.} 

^{D. The atomic theory states that atoms are the largest unit of matter and cano be divided using chemical methods.} 

B. The atomic theory states that atoms are the smallest unit of matter and cannot be divided using any chemical method. 

300

What are the three parts of an atom?

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

400

What is the mass number of an element equal to?

^{A. The sum of the protons and neutrons}

^{B. The sum of the protons and electrons}

^{C. The difference between the number of protons and neutrons}

^{D. The difference between the number of protons and electrons}

A. The sum of the protons and neutrons

500

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom? 

You can calculate the number of neutrons in an atom by subtracting the number of protons from the atomic mass number.