Cell Theory
A Cell
What is the smallest unit that can be considered alive?
which organelle controls what enters and leaves the cell?
cell membrane
which cell type has a cell wall: plant or animal
plant
In mitosis, chromosomes condense and become visible during this phase.
What is prophase
Give two reasons an organism uses mitosis
What are growth and tissue repair? (also: asexual reproduction in some organisms))
Cell theory
What is the principle that says all linving things are made of cells.
which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell and produces energy?
mitochondrion (mitochondria)
Which organelle found in plant cells stores water and helps maintain the shape of the cell
cell membrane
During this phase, sister chromatids line up at the cell’s equator
What is metaphase
This type of cell division makes two identical daughter cells for growth and tissue repair
What is mitosis
unicellular
What term describes an organism made of a single cell?
name the organelle where photosynthesis takes place in some cells.
the chlorplast
Name two organelles that are found in plant cells but not in animal cells
chloroplast, cell wall or (central vacuole)
Name the stage when sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
What is anaphase?
This type of cell division produces gametes (sperm and egg) with half the chromosome number
What is meiosis
Give one reason why cells are considered the basic unit of life (structure/function)
Cells carry out life processes (growth, reproduction, healing)
Which organelle assembles proteins using instructions from the nucleus?
Ribosome (or rough ER with ribosomes)
How does the shape of plant cells typically differ from animal cells, and why?
plant cells are more rectangular due to rigid cell walls; animal cells are more rounded--shape supports structure and funtion.
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated during this stage.
What is anaphase I
During which process does a cell spend most of its life: mitosis/meiosis or interphase
What is interphase
Explain how the organization of cell into tissues and organs helps multicellular organisms maintain homeostasis.
Tissue/organs allow division of labor; specialized cells perform functions that help maintain stable internal conditions.
Describe the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in making and shipping proteins.
Rough ER folds and processes proteins; golgi modifies, packages, and ships proteins to their destination.
Explain how chloroplasts and mitochondria work together in plant cells for energy use and storage.
Chloroplasts convert light energy to chemical energy (sugars)via photosynthesis; mitochondria break down sugars to release ATP for cellular work.
Which process (mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II) most resembles mitosis in its separation of sister chromatids?
What is meiosis I
Name the phase of the cell cycle when the cell grows and replicates its DNA
What is interphase