Biomolecules
Name the four biomolecules.
What are the two types of transport?
Passive and Active transport.
What is the powerhouse of the cell!
Mitochondria!!
What are the four tissue types?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
What are the types of bone in a long bone?
Is it better to have a steeper or less steep concentration gradient for a faster rate of diffusion?
A steeper gradient will go faster
What does each ER help produce?
Rough is proteins and smooth is carbs and lipids
What layer do we look at to name epithelial tissue?
the apical layer
Name the two layers of the periosteum and explain what they do.
The cellular inner layer helps provide nutrients and the outer fibrous layer helps this connect to bone.
How do you form a polymer and how do you make a monomer?
By Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis. You either add or take away an H2O molecule.
How does non polar molecules pass through the bilayer? Give an example.
They pass unrestricted through the bilayer, examples are steroid hormones or cholesterol.
Which ribosomes help make the protein channels on the bilayer?
Fixed ribosomes.
What type of tissue is bone?
All tissues. Osseous tissue is connective but the bone is an organ with means all four types.
T/F Since Osseous tissue makes up the bone it is vascular.
False. Osseous tissue is connective and is avascular but since bone is an organ it has a blood supply.
Some neurotransmitters are amino acid based. What organelles would you expect to be found in neurons for the production of these neurotransmitters?
Rough ER, Golgi, Nucleus
As an individual is becoming hydrated and their blood plasma solute concentration decrease, how will osmosis drive water movement relative to their blood cell?
Water will move into their red blood cells
The function of a protein is determined by...
The specific sequence of amino acids that comprises them
You observe a histology sample microscopically and notice it has multiple layers of cells. The cells at the base of the tissue appear rectangular, but those of the apex look square like. What is the name of the tissue?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
What bones are made through intramembranous bone formation and explain the steps.
Bones like the clavicle, mandible and flat bones of the skull. Mesenchymal cells turn into osteoblast. osteoblast deposit osteoid that later turns into bone. Small units of bone turn into trabeculae. Osteoblasts and clast develop bone forming periosteum. Periosteum deposits compact bone and remodels trabeculae.
Explain the relationship with polarity and hydrophilicity. Give an example of a biomolecule that is hydrophobic.
If something is hydrophobic it is non polar. If it is hydrophilic it is polar. Lipids are hydrophobic that's why you can not mix them with water.
How would a charged ion like Mg2+ enter the cell and how would it exit the cell?
Enter through active transport and exit via facilitated diffusion.
Explain the process to make proteins using proper terms.
The DNA in the nucleus is is split apart and is transcripted into mRNA and a copy is made. Then the mRNA is sent a ribosome and is then translated in threes to make a protein string.
If you break a bone or tear some cartilage what cell will help you rebuild it?
Mesenchyme stem cell
Why would consuming too much of a drug that affects osteoclast activity be a bad thing?
If it decreases the osteoclast activity it can make the bone stop remodeling and become too hard. If increases activity it can lead to weaker bones.