Atoms & Molecules
This is an element with a differing number of neutrons
An isotope
These are the 4 elements that make up 96% of living matter
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are all examples of which macromolecules are?
In which structure does protein synthesis occur?
The ribosomes
There are how many domains (& what are they)?
3: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Table salt is a good example of what type of bond?
Ionic
Transfer of electrons form ions and opposite charges attract.
The actual bonding within atoms of a compound occurs between _____.
Electrons in the valence shell.
Functional groups typically branch off of this structure in organic molecules
Carbon skeleton
Name a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Size, membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes
There are 6 characteristics of life, name at least 2 of them.
Order
Energy processing
Homeostasis
Sensitivity or response to stimuli
Reproduction and development
Evolution / Adaptation
Name the 3 subatomic particles
Proton, Neutron, Electron
This is how the temperature of land along coastal regions is typically more moderate than inland (use specific term)
Water has high specific heat – absorbing a lot of heat energy during the day and releasing heat energy at night
This is the monomer of a nucleic acid and its 3 parts
Nucleotide that is composed of a phosphate sugar backbone and a nitrogenous base
This is the reason the mighty mighty mitochondrion is called the ‘Powerhouse’ of the cell (name and describe its products)
The mitochondria produce the energy currency of a cell - ATP
This is the theory that says mitochondria & chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotic organisms and then became endosymbionts of the prokaryotic ancestors of the eukaryotes.
Endosymbiotic theory or endosymbiosis
This is what is formed when an atom loses or gives away 2 electrons (be specific)
An ion with a charge of 2+
This is the reason water in a plant for example will rise from the roots to the leaves
the forces of adhesion and cohesion – capillary action
List the 4 macromolecules and their monomers*
Carbohydrate - monosaccharides
Protein - amino acids
Nucleic acids - nucleotides
*Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol
What are the 4 components all cells have in common?
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes
Describe the structure and components of a cell membrane
A double layer of phospholipids (bilayer) with embedded proteins and carbohydrates
*bonus: describe the 2 main parts of a phospholipid
This is the definition of an acid and a base
An acid contributes a hydrogen ion to solution and a base contributes a hydroxide ion (or removes hydrogen ions from solution)
This is the molecular difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat and that is the physical differences
An unsaturated fat has a double bond in the carbon skeleton and it causes a bend in a fatty acid
This type of reaction is a chemical reaction that puts monomers together (& in the process water is produced).
A dehydration reaction
Name the organelles that are specific to plant (3) and animal cells (2)
Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Large central vacuole (P)
Centrioles, lysosomes (A)
These are the 5 steps of the scientific method.
Observation > Hypothesis > Predictions and Experiments > Data Collection and Statistical Analysis > Results and Conclusion