Evolution, History & Domestication
While natural selection non-randomly selects for or against existing variations, this foundational mechanism introduces new genetic diversity into populations completely at random.
What is mutation?
Being inexpensive is one reason these animals are widely used as research animals
What are mice/rats
Name the four main tissue types.
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous
This is the location of a gene on a chromosome.
What is a locus?
This is defined as the physical and mental state of an animal in relation to the conditions in which it lives and dies.
What is animal welfare?
federal legislation that grants public land to states to establish colleges focused on practical agriculture, science, engineering, and military science.
what is a land grant?
In laboratory animal research ethics, this foundational "3 Rs" framework guides humane animal protocols.
What are Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement?
This organelle uses hydrolytic enzymes to to digest large molecules and cellular waste
What is the lysosome?
During prophase 1, homologous chromosomes align closely in this process before exchanging chromosome segments.
What is synapsis?
Name two reasons why understanding animal behavior is important to animal scientists.
What are identifying health problems, optimizing production, designing facilities, improving husbandry, understanding human-animal interactions, or providing enrichment?
This upper-lip curling and head-extension behavior in ruminants and horses transfers fluid-borne pheromones and hormones into the vomeronasal organ for chemical perception.
What is the Flehmen response?
This tissue is avascular, exhibits distinct apical and basal polarity, and relies entirely on diffusion from underlying connective tissues for nutrients.
What is epithelial tissue?
the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 is called.
What is crossing over?
Cortisol levels are used to measure this emotion
Stress
Name the basic principles of natural selection
What is...
Ability to Vary
Reproduce in Excess
Changing Environment
repetitive behavior with no apparent end goal or function (often stemming from boredom or restrictive environments)?
what is stereotypic behavior?
Uses ATP to drive ions against their concentration gradient
What is primary active transport?
Breeding animals of the same breed whose lines are unrelated for at least 4-6 generations is classified as this mating system.
What is outcrossing?
Unlike animal welfare, this position holds that animals hold intrinsic rights to life and liberty comparable to those of humans
What is animal rights?
The cell membrane is described by this model because it consists of a phospholipid bilayer containing proteins and other macromolecules.
What is the fluid-mosaic model?
Mendel's principal stating that the alleles of genes on non homologous chromosomes sort independently into gametes.
What is independent assortment?
Name the five Freedoms of animal welfare
Freedom from Hunger and Thirst
Freedom from Discomfort
Freedom from Pain, Injury, or Disease
Freedom to Express Normal Behavior
Freedom from Fear and Distress