Medication
All the major biological explanations related to drug abuse assume that these substances exert their __________ effects by altering brain chemistry or neuronal (basic functional cell of the brain) activity.
Psychoactive
When was Alcoholics Anonymous founded?
Mid 1930s
The view that alcohol use disorder is a __________ dates to the early 19th century.
Sickness
Factors such as strong child-to-parent bonds; open communication; consistent disciplining; consistent high levels of parental warmth, affection, and emotional support; and high levels of supervision are referred to as what type of factors?
Protective factors
___________symptoms refers to what happens when a regularly used drug is suddenly
Withdrawal
__________ drugs have high abuse potential but are currently approved for medical purposes.
Schedule II
Research indicates that for most patients, the threshold amount of time needed for significant improvement resulting from a treatment program is greater than:
3 months
What drug was used in Europe to treat morning sickness in pregnant women and later deemed unsafe in the United States?
Zidovudine
Decreasing the amount of drugs that are carried across U.S. borders is an example of:
It is believed that most drugs with abuse potential enhance pleasure centers by causing the release of:
Dopamine
Which of the following is least likely to be caused by abuse of anabolic steroids?
Sedation and a mellowing of temper
__________ are inpatient treatment facilities that focus on the “resocialization” of the individual and use the program’s entire community as important treatment components.
Therapeutic communities
__________ is from the Greek words for flippers, or “seal-shaped limbs.”
Phocomelia
__________ attempts to decrease individuals’ tendency to use drugs with an emphasis on reformulating values and behaviors.
Demand reduction
__________ refer to the chemical messengers used for communication between brain
Neurotransmitters
__________ is the difference between the dose of drug necessary to cause a therapeutic effect versus the dose necessary to cause a toxic effect.
Margin of safety
Which of the following approaches involves initiating behavioral change by helping clients resolve ambivalence about engaging in treatment?
The __________ allowed the manufacturer to determine whether a drug was to be labeled prescription or nonprescription.
Drug Abuse Control Amendment Act of 1965
Which model of prevention is one of the earliest and is based on the belief that if people are given extensive information about harmful effects, their attitudes will change as well as their actions?
Information-only model
A change in personality resulting from marijuana use, characterized by a lack of motivation, has been termed by some drug theorists as:
Amotivation
What kind of drug effect occurs when one drug cancels or blocks the effect of another?
Antagonistic interaction
___________ is a drug used to treat those with alcohol use disorder that makes individuals violently ill if they consume alcohol.
Disulfiram
The Minnesota model was developed during the:
1950s
__________ prevention is targeted at at-risk groups, experimenters, and early drug use populations in hopes of reversing the already existing drug use.
Secondary
Substance-related mental disorders and primary psychiatric disorders are often:
Comorbid