Ankle/Lower leg
Technical term for Shin Splints? What causes it?
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Caused by repetitive microtrauma (chronic stress injury)
Usually affects athletes of running sports
What is a Quadriceps Contusion and Hip pointer? What are some common treatments and exercises for them?
Quad Contusion-large bruise to the thigh and quad muscles, Hip Pointer-bruise to the iliac crest of the hip.
Treatment- both use padding and ROM stretching and strengthening (stretch strap, wall squats, and banded clamshells
What are the 6 main bones of the knee unit?
Tibia, Fibula, Femur, Patella, Ischium, and Ischial Tuberosity
What are the 3 phases of tissue healing? What do they do?
Acute- Initial reaction of body's tissue, 3-4 days, cell/tissue death
Repair- Healing phase, 48-72 hrs to 6 weeks, scar tissue forms, increased strength
Remodel- Cont. growth and development
What connects a bone to a muscle? A bone to a bone?
Bone to muscle is a tendon, bone to bone to a ligament
What are some treatments for plantar fasciitis and achilles tendinitis?
For plantar fascitis rest – discontinue running, orthotics, heel cushion, strengthening (towel curls, marble pick ups), stretching.
For Achilles tendinitis RICE, Crutches, and heel lift Stretching & Strengthening
What injury is caused by a direct blow to the lower back?
Kidney injury - causes blood in urine, pain, and nausea
What does ACL, PCL, LCL, and MCL stand for? What part of the body can be used to replace an ACL?
Anterior Cruciate lig. Posterior Cruciate lig. Later Collateral lig. Medial Collateral lig.
A peice of the patellar tendon or semitendenosus.
What are three pain modalities?
Cryotherapy, Thermotherapy, E-Stims and acupuncture
Is there a difference between a watch and a warning? If so what is the difference?
A watch is when the conditions are right for the threat but has not happened yet, A warning is when the threat is actually spotted.
How many grades are there for an ankle sprain? What are some treatments/rehab for them?
Crutches, Taping, ROM stretching-theraband, ankle weights, and calf raises
What gland helps the body regulate temperature? What happens when the body get too cold?
They hypothalamus regulates body temperature. When the body gets too cold blood vessels constrict while the metabolism increases causing shivering
What injury usually a catching sensation and locking of the knee? What Osteochondritis Dissecans?
A Meniscus injury
Osteochondritis Dissecans is the separation of a piece of articular cartilage usually from the medial femoral condyle. Caused by direct or indirect blows.
Whata re some examples or cryotherapy and thermotherapy?
Ice bag, Ice massage, Whirlpool, Compression units
Hot packs, Whirlpool, Paraffin wax
What is the definition of adduction and abduction?
Adduction is movement toward the body's midline. Abduction is movement away from the body's midline.
Where are the Fibula, Tibia, and Calcaneus located on the leg?
Fibula is located on the lateral of the shin bone running from the knee to the ankle, Tibia is located in the inner medial side from the Fibula running just below the knee to the ankle, the Calcaneus is located on the posterior back of the foot (heel)
What is snapping hip syndrome? What are some treatments for it?
Caused by the talofibular ligaments being tight, leading to IT band snapping, can cause bursitis to the bursa sac over the greater trochanter.
Prevent/treat by stretching, proprioception - like bosu ball balance helps
What are some rehab exercises for an LCL & MCL sprain?
4 way hip (strength), straight leg raises (strength), knee brace, stretch strap (ROM)
What are the physiological effects of cryotherapy?
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the area. And decreased metabolism - reducing swelling in the acute inflammatory phase
Acute injuries have sudden onset and a short duration. Chronic injuries develop overtime and and don't go away for a while
What movements does the Gastrocnemius, Antier tibialis, Flaxor Hallicus Longus and Extensor digitorum cause?
Gastroc-Plantar Flexion, Anterior Tibialis-Dorsiflexion of the foot, Extensor Digitorum-Extension of phalanges, Flexor Hallicus Longus- Flexing of big toe
What are some ways to treat heat exhaustion? What are some ways to the treat heat stroke?
Heat exhaustion - Elevate feet, fan, sip water/gatorade, shade
Heat Stroke - Call 911, elevate feet, use wet towels or ice bath immersion.
What is Chondromalacia Patella?
Softening of the articular cartilage of the patella. Usually caused by abnormal tracking of the patella between the femoral condyles
Signs and Symptoms - Pain with running, pain on stairs or squatting, pain around patella
Propioception - balance disc
Strength - Ankle Weights-ankle/shin, Swiss ball-core Theraband
Neurmuscular - bosu ball
Where does the sagittal and transverse planes split the body?
Saggital splits the body into left and right halves, Transverse splits the body into top and bottom sections