Column 1
True or False: Racial/ethnic differences in arrest and incarceration rates can be explained by difference in crime commitment
False
What are collateral consequences?
Social and legal outcomes for people, families, and communities face after contact with the criminal legal system (e.g., civic disenfranchisement, children with incarcerated parents develop psychological issues, health problems, etc.)
What is felony disenfranchisement?
Laws that ban folks with felony convictions from voting.
A fine that is equivalent to one day of work for an individual based on their income.
Does high collective efficacy lower or raise the crime rate?
Lowers the crime rate
What policy was as a result of the Polly Klaas murder case?
3 strikes rule
What are mandatory minimums?
A policy that made it required for individuals convicted of a crime to serve a minimum amount of time
What does "there are a disproportionate number of Black individuals incarcerated compared with white individuals" mean?
That the share of incarcerated people that are Black is larger than the share of Black people in the general population
What is a status offense?
A crime that only applies to minors (e.g., underage drinking, truancy, driving, etc.)
What are monetary sanctions?
Fines, fees, restitution, surcharges, interest, etc. associated with a criminal conviction
Dr. Harris' research on LFO's, critical race theory, and minority threat are all branches that fall under what theory?
Conflict theory
Social disorganization theory
True or false: Increasing crime rates are the primary driver of mass incarceration.
False. The crime rate was declining before the rise in incarceration. Other policies such as mandatory mins, expansion of drug laws, poverty and inequality, 3 strikes, and other "tough on crime" laws.
What does it mean that "there is a disparity in the amount of LFOs that are imposed on Latinx individuals compared to white individuals"?
It means that all else equal, Latinx folks are given more LFOs for similar crimes as White folks.
The incarceration rate in the U.S. is higher or lower than in most countries?
Higher
What is a facially race neutral policy and can you give an example?
A policy or law written that at face value is supposed to be neutral or treat everyone the same yet disproportionately impact certain racial/class groups.
What did Sampson and Laub find in their examination of the "minority threat theory"?
Black youth were seen as threatening and thus received harsher sentences than white youth convicted of similar crimes in the juvenile legal system.
What does "facially race-neutral policy" mean in the context of the criminal legal system?
Laws seemingly treating everyone the same actually affect some individuals more negatively than others (e.g., same LFOs are given to everyone, but poor people feel the impact more than those with money)
What was Uggen and Manza's main finding?
Felony disenfranchisement has altered the outcomes of past elections, including the 2000 presidential election.
Who is Alex on Sesame Street?
Muppet introduced on the show to talk about children with incarcerated parents (Alex's father is incarcerated)
What population group is incarceration the highest among?
Black men without a high school diploma or GED
Why was the juvenile legal system created in the U.S.?
People felt children were more capable of change than adults, that the focus should be to rehabilitate youth, and to remove the stigma youth faced when they entered the legal system
What was the core finding in Dr. Devah Pager's Mark of a Criminal Record?
Black individuals without a criminal record received fewer call-backs for job applications than white individuals with a criminal record.
What are the 3 techniques the criminal legal system in NYC uses to control people charged with low-level misdemeanor crimes according to Dr. Issah Kohler-Hausmann?
Marking: generation, maintenance, and regular use of official records about a person’s criminal justice contacts for critical decisions. procedural hassle: all of the burdens and opportunity costs attendant to complying with the legal proceedings. performance: the evaluation of an executed accomplishment, whether it be demanded formally by the court ex ante or offered as evidence of responsibility or rehabilitation ex post
What theory is reflected in Elijah Anderson's Code of the Street
Symbolic Interaction