CH 5: Membranes
This is required by cells to move materials by active transport
ATP (energy)
Enzymes act as ________________ that speed up the rate of reaction.
Catalysts
This is the reason plant leaves appear green.
Chlorophyll in the leaves reflect and transmit green light
The first step in extracting energy from glucose (results in 2 pyruvates + 2 net ATP).
Glycolysis
This is how the metabolic pathways of photosynthesis and cell respiration are related.
the summary chemical reaction of cell respiration is the precise reverse of photosynthesis
Term for water pressure exerted against plant cell walls.
turgor pressure
Type of energy includes chemical energy.
potential energy
The location where the Light Reactions occur in a chloroplast.
Thylakoids or Thylakoid Membranes
The part of cell respiration that generates
the MOST ATP?
The Electron Transport Chain
This is what happens when an enzyme is placed far outside of its optimal operating environment.
Denatured or loses its shape
Name the 3 types of passive transport.
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Many enzyme inhibitors work by blocking the ____________ of an enzyme.
Active site
This is the series of reactions that cannot occur in the absence of carbon dioxide.
The Calvin Cycle
This is the metabolic process that occurs IN the mitochondrion.
Cell Respiration (Citric Acid Cycle & ETC)
These are the 3 ultimate products of cell respiration.
Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP
Term for a solute concentration outside a cell that causes water to move into the cell.
Hypotonic
The reactants of a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme are called ________.
Substrates
THIS type of energy is converted by photosynthesis
into THAT kind of energy.
Kinetic (Light) energy is converted to Potential (Chemical) energy.
This is how human cells may undergo fermentation.
When oxygen supplies run low in muscle cells pyruvate is converted to lactic acid
These are the energy carrying molecules (batteries) that get recharged during the light reaction of photosynthesis.
ATP
NADPH
The 4 components of cell membranes
Phospholipid bilayer
Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates
The type of metabolic pathway that breaks large molecules down to smaller molecules and releases energy.
Catabolic pathway
This is the summary chemical equation for photosynthesis.
H2O + CO2 + Light --> C6H12O6 + O2
Name the 3 main processes in Cell Respiration – and give a brief description.
1.Glycolysis – breaks glucose – generates ATP & EC
2.Citric Acid Cycle – breaks down pyruvate,
generates ATP & EC
3.Electron Transport Chain – generates ATP
_________ is the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organism
Metabolism