Proteins
Which of the following refers to the 3-dimensional spatial configuration of single polypeptide chain determined by disulfide linkages, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic attractions and van der wall forces?
a. Primary Structure
b. Secondary Structure
c. Tertiary Structure
d. Quaternary Structure
c. Tertiary Structure
Given the pI of albumin (4.7) and pI of gamma globulin (7.6), what protein fraction migrates farthest toward the electrode during isoelectric focusing?
A) Albumin toward anode
B) Albumin toward cathode
C) Gamma globulin toward anode
D) Gamma globulin toward cathode
A) Albumin toward anode
What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to dissolved carbon dioxide in arterial blood?
a. 1:10
b. 10:1
c. 20:1
d. 30:1
c. 20:1
Which of the following results in a shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to the right, resulting in a decreased affinity of hemoglobin oxygen?
A) Low temperature
B) Low pCO2 level
C) Low blood pH level
D) Low concentration of 2,3-DPG
C) Low blood pH level
Which of the following processes is promoted by insulin?
A. Glycogenolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Lipolysis
D. Uptake of glucose by cells
D. Uptake of glucose by cells
Upon which principle is the biuret method based on?
a. The reaction of phenolic group CUIISO4
b. Coordinate bonds between Cu2+ and Carbonyl and amine groups of peptide bond
c. The protein error of indicator effect producing color when dye binds protein
d. The reaction of phophomylbdic acid with protein.
Coordinate bonds between Cu2+ and Carbonyl and amine groups of peptide bond
What protein is found in increased amounts in the amniotic fluid in cases of spina bifida?
A) Alpha2-macroglobulin
B) Alpha1-acid glycoprotein
C) Alpha1-antitrypsin
D) Alpha1-fetoprotein
D) Alpha1-fetoprotein
What is the primary compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis
a. Hyperventilation
b. Release of epinephrine
c. Aldosterone release
d. Bicarbonate excretion
a. Hyperventilation
Which of the following will shift the O2 dissociation curve to the left.
a. Anemia
b. hyperthermia
c. hypercapnia
d. alkalosis
alkalosis
The initial early sign of diabetes is hyperglycemia. More significant hyperglycemia can cause all the following except:
A. Glycosuria
B. Urinary Frequency
C. Anuria
D. Polydipsia
D. Polydipsia
What is the most common method for the measurement of serum albumin?
A) Salt precipitation
B) Peptide binding
C) Colorimetric
D) Dye binding
D) Dye binding
Increased serum albumin concentrations are seen in which of the following conditions?
A) Dehydration
B) Acute hepatitis
C) Chronic inflammation
D) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Nephrotic syndrome
Which of the following is responsible for metabolic acidosis
a. Bicarbonate deficiency
b. Excessive retention of dissolved CO2
c. Hypoaldosteronism
d. Alcoholism
a. Bicarbonate deficiency
Which electrode is used to measure pH?
a. Ag/AgCl
b. Cu/CuCl
c. Gas Electrode
d. Bare Electrode
a. Ag/AgCl
Triglycerides are composed of:
A) a glycerol backbone.
B) three fatty acids.
C) amide linkages between the fatty acids and the glycerol.
D) A and B above.
E) A, B, and C above.
D) A and B above.
What is the clinical utility of testing serum for prealbumin?
a. low levels are associated with increased free cortisol
b. high levels are associated with acute inflammation
c. serial low levels indicate compromised nutritional status
d. levels correlate with glomerular injury in patients with diabetes.
c. serial low levels indicate compromised nutritional status
What method is used to identify free light chains in urine?
A) Serum protein electrophoresis
B) Sulfosalicylic acid precipitation
C) Protein error of indicators
D) Immunofixation electrophoresis
D) Immunofixation electrophoresis
In the circulatory system, bicarbonate leaves red blood cells and enters plasma through an exchange mechanism with ___________ to maintain electroneutrality
a. Chloride
b. Carbonic acid
c. Lactate
d. Sodium
a. Chloride
A patient’s blood results are as follows
PH=7.50 Pco2 55 mm Hg HCO3 = 40 mmol/L
The results can be classified as:
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
What does the Anion Gap Represents?
a. Difference between measured cations and anions
b. Difference between electrolytes
c. Partial pressure of CO2
d. Bicarbonate ions.
Difference between measured cations and anions
Which of the following protein fractions contains only one protein?
A) Albumin
B) Alpha1 globulin
C) Alpha2 globulin
D) Beta globulin
A) Albumin
The rate of migration during serum protein electrophoresis is based on which of the following properties?
A) Concentration and ionic strength
B) Particle size and molecular weight
C) Ionic charge and particle size
D) Molecular weight and concentration
C) Ionic charge and particle size
How are arterial blood gas specimen parameters affected when the specimen is not maintained under strict anaerobic conditions?
A) pH increases, pCO2 decreases, pO2 increases
B) pH decreases, pCO2 increases, pO2 decreases
C) pH increases, pCO2 increases, pO2 decreases
D) pH decreases, pCO2 decreases, pO2 increases
pH increases, pCO2 decreases, pO2 increases
Which of the following is consistent with metabolic acidosis?
A) Increase in pCO2 with a decreased pH
B) Decrease in HCO3 with an increased pH
C) Increase in HCO3 with an increased pH
D) Decrease in HCO3 with a decreased pH
D) Decrease in HCO3 with a decreased pH
The breakdown of lipids for energy production occurs through as process called:
a. glycolysis
b. oxidative phosphorylation
c. lipolysis
d. gluconeogenesis
c. lipolysis