GI tract Profession English in Use
1. Note if abdomen is ..... (swollen, expanded) by fluid or gas.
1. distended
...... often called the "hunger hormone," is a peptide hormone produced primarily in the stomach that signals hunger to the brain.
ghrelin
What structure moves food from the mouth to the stomach using muscular contractions?
Esophagus
a swelling of body tissues, usually in the legs, ankles, or feet, that leaves a lasting indentation (pit) when pressed. It occurs when excess fluid builds up in tissues, often due to underlying issues like heart, liver, or kidney dysfunction, or poor circulation. Management involves treating the root cause.
pitting edema
Define: prodrome
a medical term for early signs or symptoms of an illness or health problem that appear before the major signs or symptoms start.
1. If fluid is present the dull note heard on ..... (tapping) moves.
2. Palpate each region, feeling for .....(pain when touched) or masses.
1. percussion
2. tenderness
1. ..... is an adjective meaning relating to a hiatus, specifically the natural opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes.(for example: ... hernia)
2. A ...... is a circular or annular muscle that acts as a valve to control the flow of substances (fluids, solids, gases) throughout the body by contracting or relaxing.They are crucial for maintaining directionality in the digestive tract, controlling urination/defecation, and regulating blood flow, with over 50 different types functioning in the body.
1. hiatal
2. sphincter
1. Which organ is primarily responsible for mixing food with gastric juices to form chyme?
2. What enzyme in saliva begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates?
1. stomach
2. Amylase
1.The normal resting heart rate is .... beats per minute. In athletes it maybe as low as ... beats. In extreme athletic activity heart rate may go as high as ....
2. The pulmonary circuit ends when blood returns to which chamber of the heart?
1)65-75; 40; 200
2. left atrium
1) Doctors who screen patients for clinical need provide a gatekeeping function for healthcare services. What is gatekeeping?
2)It addresses chronic ear infections in children using controlled air pressure and a gamified interface to ensure patient compliance and correct technique. What is ''comply-v compliance-n''?
1) the activity of trying to control who gets particular resources, power, or opportunities, and who does not.
2) to obey a rule, an order, etc.; to meet particular standards
1. Note also any ..... or rigidity shown by contraction of abdominal muscles. .... can be due to tenderness or anxiety and can be reduced if the patient is persuaded to relax.
2. .... is a pain when palpating hand is suddenly removed. It's a sign of a peritonitis.
3. Blood that can only be detected with special tests is called .... (FOB)
1. guarding
2. Rebound tenderness
3. faecal Occult Blood
Define: Sialorrhea, Parotitis, Gingivitis i
1. Sialorrhea, often called drooling or hypersalivation, is the excessive accumulation and involuntary spillage of saliva from the mouth. It occurs due to either overproduction of saliva or, more commonly, an inability to control, swallow, or retain saliva, often linked to neurological conditions, poor oral muscle control, or medication side effects.
2. Parotitis (or parotiditis) is the inflammation and swelling of the parotid glands, the major salivary glands located between the ear and jaw. It is commonly caused by viral infections (like mumps), bacterial infections (such as Staphylococcus aureus), or, less frequently, autoimmune conditions, dehydration, or obstructions like salivary stones.
3. Gingivitis is a mild, reversible form of gum disease caused by plaque buildup that causes irritation, redness, and swelling of the gingiva. It is characterized by bleeding during brushing and tenderness. Treatment involves professional dental cleaning and improved oral hygiene (brushing/flossing) to prevent progression to periodontitis.
1. Which organ produces enzymes that digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates?
2. What protects the stomach lining from its own acid?
3. Where does most nutrient absorption occur?
1. Pancreas
2. Mucus
3. Small intestine
1. a common, often rapid, irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) where the heart's upper chambers (atria) quiver instead of beating effectively. It causes symptoms like palpitations, fatigue, and breathlessness, though some feel nothing. Key risks include stroke and heart failure, with common causes being high blood pressure, heart disease, or age.
atrial fibrillation
1) In its basic form, it is a lifestyle convenience tool designed to save time (cleaning teeth in 20 seconds) rather than providing a new medical breakthrough. What is ''breakthrough''?
2) These devices use "cutting-edge" AI or sensors to track conditions that are traditionally difficult to monitor. What is ''cutting-edge''?
3) It is explicitly labeled a wellness device. What is ''explicit''?
1) a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development. Syn: advance, step-forward
2) the latest or most advanced stage in the development of something.
3) ) clear and easy to understand, so that you have no doubt what is meant
Match the description of the stools with the condition:
1. gastric ulcer
2. irritable gastric syndrome
3. ulcerative colitis
4. coeliac disease
1. black, tarry
2. small, hard
3. loose, bloody
4. loose, pale, bulky
1.cholelithiasis root: suffix: suffix: definition:
2.enterohepatitis root: root: suffix: definition:
3.parotiditis prefix: root: suffix: definition:
4.sialorrhea root: suffix: definition:
1. Root: cholelith chole- = bile / gall lith = stone Suffix: -iasis means condition or formation of Definition: Cholelithiasis = the condition of having gallstones, usually in the gallbladder.
2. Root 1: enter/o-intestine Root 2: hepat- live Suffix: -itis-inflammation Definition:
Enterohepatitis = inflammation of both the intestines and the liver.
3. Prefix: none, Root: parotid-refers to the parotid gland (a major salivary gland near the ear) Suffix: -itis-inflammation Definition: Parotiditis = inflammation of the parotid gland (often associated with infections like mumps).
4. Root: sial/o-saliva Suffix: -rrhea- flow or discharge Definition: Sialorrhea = excessive flow of saliva (drooling).
1. What is the function of the large intestine in digestion?
2. Which hormone stimulates hunger?
3. What enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?
4. What is the main function of the gallbladder?
1. Absorption of water and electrolytes
2.Ghrelin
3. pepsin
4. Storing bile
1. Which layer of the heart wall is primarily composed of cardiac muscle and forms the bulk of the organ?
2. Oxygen-poor blood returns to the right atrium from the lower body through which specific vessel?
3.What is the primary function of the heart valves?
4.Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
5.In the cardiac muscle, what is the role of gap junctions found within intercalated discs?
1.Myocardium
2. Inferior vena cava
3. To ensure unidirectional blood flow
4.Mitral valve
5. To allow ions to pass for coordinated depolarization
1) While it tracks important data like night sweats and hot flashes, it provides "AI-generated insights" rather than clinical diagnoses. What is ''insight''
2) Discuss the shift from Reactive Treatment to Pre-emptive Care. What is ''pre-emptive''?
3) Define the legal and ethical implications of "Pre-emptive Care" in their local context. What is ''implications''?
4) Before non invasive procedures were introduced patients who underwent operation were .... to bed for weeks.
1) an understanding of what something is like
2) [usually before noun] done to stop somebody taking action, especially action that will be harmful to yourself
3) a possible effect or result of an action or a decision
4) confined