Bones 1
define perichondrium
a layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds the cartilage
what are the 4 classes of bones
flat, long, short, and irregular
what are the functions of muscle
movement, maintenance of posture, joint stabilization, and heat generation
where can you find cardiac muscle
in the heart muscle only
what are the three overlapping functions of the nervous system
sensory input, integration/decision making, and response/motor output
what are the special somatic senses
hearing, balance, vision, and smell
what are the 5 special senses
taste, smell, equilibrium, hearing, and vision
what is olfactory epithelium made of and what are their functions
pseudostratified columnar which captures odor molecules and cleans it away after
how much percent water does cartilage consist of
60%-80%
how much percent of blood is in the body’s skeleton
3-11%
what are the special characteristics of muscle
contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity
how much of the body weight does skeletal muscle make up
40%
what are the two divisions of the nervous system
CNS and PNS
what are the special visceral senses and why is it in this category
taste; because the alementary canal extends to the visceral organs
what are the chemical senses
olfaction and gustation
what is the function of basal cells in the nose
continually form new olfactory receptor cells
what CT is the perichondrium made of
dense irregular
what is a nutrient foramen
an opening into the canal which gives passage to the blood vessels of the medullary cavity
what does it mean to be extensible? Excitable?
extensible is muscled ability to be stretched by opposing muscle and excitable is when when nerve cells or other excite the cell and cause electrical impulses to travel through the membrane and cause contraction
what is the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of a muscle cell called
plasma membrane: sarcolemma
cytoplasm: sarcoplasm
what does afferent v efferent mean
afferent: is signals carried to the CNS
efferent: is signals carried away from the CNS
where would you classify touch as a sense on the 4 PNS subdivisions
somatic sensory
what are the 2 taste buds and which do we have more of
circumvallate and fungiform papillae (which we have more of)
what is conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva
what are the types of cartilage growths
interstitial growth from the chondrites in the cartilage and appositional growth from the chondroblasts in the perichondrium
what does it mean to be osteogenic
bone producing
what does it mean to be contractable? elastic?
elastic is muscle cells shorten and generate a strong pulling force as they contract and elasticity is the ability to recoil passively after being stretched to resting length
what are the layers of the muscle sheaths from superficial to deep
epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
what are the 4 subdivisions of the PNS
somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, and visceral motor
define the two divisions of the ANS with their divisions and their common name
sympathetic which is right or flight and parasympathetic which is rest and digest
what are the three cell types found in taste buds
supporting cells, basal cells, and gustatory cells
what are the three different tunics of the eye
fibrous, vascular, and sensory
what are the 2 different types of bone texture
compact bone and spongy bone
true or false: the periosteum is richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels
true
what are the three types of muscle and how can you identify them
smooth: no visible striations
cardiac: striations with intercalated discs
skeletal: striations and lengthy
define a neuromuscular junction
the interface between nerve and muscle fiber
define proprioception
the ability to detect stretch in muscles and tendons which give a sense of position in space
what are the two main cell types of nervous tissue
neurons and glial cells
how many taste buds do we have and how many epithelial cells in a taste bud
50-100 epithelial cells and 10000 taste buds
which of the humors is renewed and which one isn’t
aqueous humor is continuously renewed and refreshed vitreous humor is not refreshed